PHP程序加速探索之服务器负载测试
程序|服务器
服务器负载太大而影响程序效率也是很常见的,我们需要对此进行测试。这里我以目前最常用的Apache服务器为例。
Apache服务器自带有一个叫AB(ApacheBench)的工具,在bin目录下。使用这个轻巧的工具我们可以对服务器进行负载测试,看看在重负荷之下服务器的表现如何。ApacheBench 可以针对某个特定的 URL 仿真出连续的联机请求,同时还可以仿真出同时间点数个相同的联机请求,因此利用 ApacheBench 可帮助我们在网站开发期间仿真实际上线可能的情况,利用仿真出来的数据作为调整服务器设定或程序的依据。
在命令行下输出:
./ab -n number_of_total_requests \
-c number_of_simultaneous_requests \
http://your_web_server/your_php_app.php
例如:
./ab -n 1000 -c 50 http://www.domain.com/myapp.php
AB将同时向http://www.domain.com/myapp.php发出50个并发请求,共发出1000次。
测试结果将可能是这样的:
Server Software: Apache/2.0.16
Server Hostname: localhost
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /myapp.php
Document Length: 1311 bytes
Concurrency Level: 50
Time taken for tests: 8.794 seconds
Complete requests: 1000
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 1754000 bytes
HTML transferred: 1311000 bytes
Requests per second: 113.71
Transfer rate: 199.45 kb/s received
Connection Times (ms)
min avg max
Connect: 0 0 5
Processing: 111 427 550
Total: 111 427 555
myapp.php每秒钟可以处理的请求数为113.71个。将请求数增加,看看服务器能否处理更大的压力。你也需要调节Apache的MaxClients,ThreadsPerChild,MaxThreadsPerChild等参数,基于你的httpd.conf中的MPM模块选择。
如果你想得到更详细的信息,请到www.apache.org上查阅一些更深入的文档,包括模块和第三方的提高效率的工具。修改httpd.conf后,要重启Apache服务器,然后再用AB测试。你会看到每秒请求数增加或减少。
记下每次的参数,最后选择最佳效率的那种配置。
要指出的是,除了AB,还有许多优秀的服务器性能测试软件。另外,如果你的服务器不是Apache,请自行寻找测试方法。

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