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在Linux下安装显卡驱动程序

Jun 21, 2016 am 09:08 AM
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  {  相信大多数人在安装Linux时遇到的第一个难题,就是Linux不认你的显卡。而显卡安装不正确或胡乱选一个驱动程序安上则难以进入X Window。即使勉强进去了,因为分辨率太低,桌面上的文字和图片都放大了好几倍,仍无法使用。我的Linux是Red Hat,显卡是Trident Blade 3D,属于Linux不认识之列。于我是四处找资料,经过一段时间的摸索,终于成功地安装了显卡驱动。现在我就把经验写出来,好让大家都能顺利进入X Window,领略Linux的风采。
    一、下载驱动程序
    首先要找到显卡for Linux的驱动程序。现在绝大多数的3D显卡都已有了for Linux的驱动程序,可到各显卡厂商的主页或Linux的相关站点上去寻找。我找到的驱动程序名为XF86_SVGA,文件格式是tar.gz,是Linux的压缩文件。需要说明的是,我的XFree86服务器下的显示模块有XF86_MONO、XF86_VGA16、XF86_SVGA等类型,在安装显卡时,服务器根据显卡的情况来加载不同的显示模块,如果显示模块加载不正确,显卡就不能正常显示。XF86_SVGA能支持256色或更高位的色彩,我们的3D显卡就靠它了。
    二、文件解压
    由于下载的是压缩文件,就需要进行解压缩,可以在Linux下用tar命令解压,也可在Windows下用Winzip将文件解压到硬盘的任意目录下(我将文件解压到C:\win98\TEMP目录下),不熟悉Linux命令的人最好在Windows下解压,可以省去许多麻烦。
    三、装载磁盘驱动器
    Linux需要装载磁盘驱动器才能读取文件,装载的方法详见《电脑报》2000年35期19版的《在Linux中共享Windows系统资源(上)》一文。启动Linux后,在字符界面下输入“mount -t vfat /dev/hda1 /mnt/winc”命令,将C盘装载到Linux下。需要注意的是,如果大家在上一步选择的是在Linux下解压,就得先进行装载磁盘驱动器这一步,再进行文件的解压缩,步骤刚好颠倒过来。
    四、拷贝文件
    将XF86_SVGA文件拷贝到/usr/X11R6/bin目录下。注意,这是针对Red Hat版本来说,其它版本的路径不一定相同。我用的命令是“cp /mnt/winc/win98/TEMP/XF86_SVGA /usr/X11R6/bin”(大家可根据自己的情况灵活掌握,关键是路径一定要正确,还要分清字母的大小写)。如果系统提示有同名文件,问是否覆盖,一定要选择“y”。这些旧文件可能是以前安装显卡时加载的,对我们没有实际用处。这里再告诉大家一个小窍门,在输入文件名的时候,输完XF86后按一下Tab键,再接着输SVGA,下划线_就可以出来了,按键盘上的下划线键是没用的,切记。
    五、配置显卡
    文件拷贝完成后,输入Xconfigurator,启动显卡配置程序。我在显卡列表中仍然没有找到Trident Blade 3D,于是选最后一个选项“Unlist”,然后选择加载的显示模块为SVGA,再选择显示器型号、显存大小、刷新频率,选定16位色、800×600的分辨率。一切就绪,X服务器开始检测,十几秒钟后,检测完毕,X服务器再没有像以往那样给出出错信息。我迫不及待键入startx,不一会儿,X Window蓝色的桌面终于呈现在我的面前。
    总结:在Linux下安装显卡驱动程序,首先要下载显卡支持Linux的驱动程序,再将其拷贝到/usr/X11R6/bin目录下,然后启动显卡配置程序进行配置即可。
    除了上述的方法外,还有一种更直接的办法,就是升级XFree86的版本,可到其主页http://www.xfree86.org下载最新的版本4.0.1,稳定版是3.3.2。新版本可支持更多的硬件设备,不过,你要首先到主页上查看相关说明,确定新版本是否支持你的显卡。



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