Apache服务器配置全攻略(五)
apache|服务器|攻略
作者:王波
这里可以看到另外一个语句Limit,Limit语句就是用来针对具体的请求方法来设定访问控制的,其中可以使用GET、POST等各种服务器支持的请求方法做Limit的参数,来设定对不同请求方法的访问限制。一般可以打开对GET、POST、 HEAD三种请求方法,而屏蔽其他的请求方法,以增加安全性。Limit语句中,可以用Order 、Allow、Deny,Allow和Deny中可以使用匹配的方法针对域名和IP进行限制,只是对于域名是从后向前匹配,对于IP地址则从前向后匹配。
DirectoryIndex index.html
很多情况下,URL中并没有指定文档的名字,而只是给出了一个目录名。那么Apache服务器就自动返回这个目录下由DirectoryIndex定义的文件,当然可以指定多个文件名字,系统会这个目录下顺序搜索。当所有由DirectoryIndex指定的文件都不存在时,Apache服务器可以根据系统设置,生成这个目录下的所有文件列表,提供用户选择。此时该目录的访问控制选项中的Indexes选项(Options Indexes )必须打开,以使得服务器能够生成目录列表,否则Apache将拒绝访问。
AccessFileName .htaccess
AccessFileName定义每个目录下的访问控制文件的文件名,缺省为.htaccess,可以通过更改这个文件,来改变不同目录的访问控制限制。
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
除了可以针对目录进行访问控制之外,还可以根据文件来设置访问控制,这
就是File语句的任务。使用File 语句,不管文件处于哪个目录,只要名字匹配, 就必须接受相应的访问控制。这个语句对于系统安全比较重要,例如上例将屏蔽所有的使用者不能访问.htaccess文件,这样就避免.htaccess中的关键安全信息不至于被客户获取。
#CacheNegotiatedDocs
缺省情况下如果代理服务器和Apache服务器协商是否缓存其网页,Apache给
予否定的回答,不希望自己的网页被代理服务器缓存。然而这样就不能有效的利用代理服务器的优势,因此可以设置CacheNegotiatieDocs 选项, 使得代理服务器可以对网页进行缓存。然而即使不设置这个选项,有的代理服务器(或通过调整设置)也能对网页进行缓存。
UseCanonicalName On
打开这个UseCanonicalName是Web服务器的标准做法,因为客户发送的大部分请求都是对本服务器的引用,这样服务器就能使用ServerName和Port选项的设置内容构建完整的URL,并回应客户,使浏览器能得到规范的URL。如果将这个参数设置为Off,那么Apache将使用从客户请求中获得服务器的名字和端口值(支持HTTP 1.1的客户的请求中将会有这些信息),重新构建URL。
TypesConfig /usr/local/apache/etc/mime.types
TypeConfig用于设置保存有不同的MIME类型数据的文件名,在Linux下缺省设置为/usr/local/apache/etc/mime.types。
DefaultType text/plain
如果Web服务器不能决定一个文档的缺省类型,这通常表示文档使用了非标准的后缀,那么服务器就使用 DefaultType定义的MIME类型将文档发送给客户浏览器。这里的设置为text/plain,这样设置的问题是,如果服务器不能判断出文档的MIME,那么大部分情况下这个文档为一个二进制文档,但使用 text/plain格式发送回去,浏览器将在内部打开它而不会提示保存。因此建议将这个设置更改为
application/octet-stream,这样浏览器将提示用户进行保存。
MIMEMagicFile /usr/local/apache/etc/magic
除了从文件的后缀出发来判断文件的MIME类型之外,Apache还可以进一步分
析文件的一些特征,来判断文件的真实MIME类型。这个功能是由mod_mime_magic 模块实现的,它需要一个记录各种MIME类型特征的文件,以进行分析判断。上面的设置是一个条件语句,如果载入了这个模块,就必须指定相应的标志文件magic的位置。

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