一个简单的PHP入门源程序如留言板(中文)--新手入门
程序|中文
引用“星空浪子”php中文文档的例子:
聊天室,是 Web 站上打发无聊人士的秘密武器。同时,站长或其它人员也可以在这儿杀时间。甚至发生一段轰轰烈烈的网路恋情呢,就算没有,起码可以增加打字的速度。
聊天室,其实就是多人共同使用的 CGI 程式。程式将每个人输入的字串,依系统接收完成的时间整理过后,再送给各个使用者。而 Web 聊天室和 BBS 的聊天室不同的地方是 BBS 聊天室可以每收到一句话,就马上分送给每位在聊天室的网路使用者;Web 由于 CGI 程式不能像 BBS 的 telnet 一直连线,Web CGI 必须以最快的速度将资讯送出,然后结束连线。会形成这种情形,就是因为 Web 聊天室还是使用 HTTP 传输协定,在 HTTP 实作的版本,无论是 0.9、1.0 或是 1.1 版都不能长期占据网路连线的 Port。
为了解决资料无法马上传输的问题,及更新讯息的问题,Netscape 在 3.0 版浏览器之后使用了新的技术,而 Internet Explorer 也实作了这些 Netscape 研发出来的技术。Netscape 将它分成 Server Push 及 Client Pull 二种技术。Server Push 由 Web 伺服器将资料以多重 MIME 编码,送给使用者端,目前较少网站使用这种方式;而 Client Pull 则利用了 HTML 的 meta 标签,并利用 http-equiv="Refresh" 的属性,表示资料要重新载入,至于载入时间,则利用 content 属性来达成。
标签通常都放在
如果不用 Server Push 或是 Client Pull 来做聊天室,是否有其它的方法,让 Web 的浏览器能聊天呢?答案是肯定的。可以使用 Java 或是 ActiveX (限 IE4、5) 来做甚至自行开发专属的 Browser Plug-in 程式 (如奇摩的聊天室),不过这就和 PHP 没有关系了,不是我们要的重点。
除此之外,由于定期更新所有网友的留言,为了怕写了一半因为 refresh 而被清掉尚未写好的字串,因此将聊天室以 frame 的页框技术来做是有必要的。下例就是聊天室的主程式。
程式中以 frame 带出二支 PHP 程式,建议将它们放在同一目录之中,例如 /chatroom,以便日后维护。另外,为了 list.php 及 post.php 可以使用相同的变数,下例将共通的变路路径放在 env.inc 中,可以将它放在 /chatroom 或是 Web 伺服器 (如 Apache) 的 PHP include 设定路径中。
// 档名: env.inc
$tempdir="/tmp/";
$chatfile="/tmp/abc";
?>
聊天室的后端可以设计的很简单,单纯的使用档案来做,也可以弄个资料库,将聊天的内容丢入,若是真的很在意系统效率,或许可以考虑使用 UNIX 的行程通讯 IPC 了。
本节即将使用者留言的内容放入档案中,在这儿的例子大部份都使用 UNIX/Linux 的外部指令。若系统无该指令 (或称程式),请自行安装相关程式。
实际上将资料丢入档案中会比使用资料库还快,若还很在乎速度,可以在 UNIX 机器中装上 RAM Disk,再将档案的存取路径都设在该 RAM Disk 上,保证存取速度能满足严苛的要求。在有些以高速度搜寻引擎为号召的网站,甚至将整个资料库资料都放到 RAM Disk 中,马上让系统速度提高十倍百倍,而且 RAM 的价格和其它解决方案相比的话还算很便宜。若使用 Windows NT,那就没办法了,看微软什么时候提供,或者用 Third Party 的产品了。
有些使用者可能对 UNIX 还不是很熟,在这儿先简介会用到的指令:
touch: 建立新档案,或修改旧档的最后更新日期。
echo 加上二个大于符号: 将字串显示转向到指定的地方。
tail: 显示档案最后数行的资料,内定值为十行,可使用减号加数字,修改欲显示的行数。
下面为送出及处理留言字串的程式,程式用到 env.inc 的档案。
// 档名: post.php
require("env.inc");
if (($chatuser!="") and ($chattext!="")) {
$chatstr="".date("h:i:s")."-".$chatuser.": ".$chattext;
$cmdstr="echo \"".$chatstr."\" >> ".$chatfile;
if (!file_exists($chatfile)) passthru("touch ".$chatfile);
passthru($cmdstr);
}
?>
程式先检查是否有输入字串,若无匿名及发言内容字串则显示发言的表单 (Form),若有资料则将字串及当时时间存入档案中 (利用 UNIX 的转向指令)。当然,为了防止错误,先检查是否有档案可存档,若没有则先 touch 该档,例中的档案就是 /tmp/abc。
// 妗e

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