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结合PHP使用HTML表单(2)

Jun 21, 2016 am 09:15 AM
echo lt quot

清单 2 中的表示法当然是方便的,但它仅在 PHP 伪指令 register_globals 被设置为 on 时才可用。在版本 4.2 以前,这是缺省设置,许多 PHP 开发人员甚至没有意识到有这样的问题。然而,从版本 4.2 开始,register_globals 的缺省设置是 off,在此情况下,该表示法不能正常工作,因为不再用适当的值创建并初始化变量。

然而,您可以用其它的方法初始化这些变量。第一个方法是更改 register_globals 的值。许多使用共享服务器的开发人员无权为整个服务器更改该值,但可以针对某个特定站点改变行为。如您有 .htaccess 文件的访问权,您可以通过添加以下伪指令启用 register_globals:


 

php_flag register_globals on




鉴于对该特性是否可用的不确定性,建议开发人员最好不要使用或依靠这种获取变量的方法。那么您有什么选择呢?

如果您的系统运行的是版本 4.1 或更高版本,则您的另一个选择是使用 import_request_variables() 有选择地注册全局变量集合。您可以使用该函数导入 get、post 和 cookie 值,而且如果您愿意的话,还可以给每项添加前缀。例如:


 


import_request_variables(gp, "formval_");

echo "Ship = ".$formval_ship;

echo "
";

echo "Tripdate = ".$formval_tripdate;

echo "
";

echo "Exploration = ".$formval_exploration;

echo "
";

echo "Contact = ".$formval_contact;

?>




这里,导入了 get 和 post 值 — 使用 c 来导入 cookie 值 — 而且由于 p 跟在 g 之后,所以 post 值将覆盖同名的 get 值。

但如果您象许多开发人员一样没有运行版本 4.1 或更高版本,那怎么办呢?

访问表单值集合



对于那些运行较早版本或不愿使用全局变量的人来说,可以选择使用 $HTTP_GET_VARS 和 $HTTP_POST_VARS 数组。尽管并不赞成使用这些集合,但它们仍然可用,而且仍被广泛使用。当真的不再使用它们时,将用版本 4.1 中添加的 $_GET 和 $_POST 数组替代它们。

这两类数组的类型都是散列表(hash table)。散列表是通过字符串值而不是整数来建立索引的数组。使用表单时,可以通过值的名称来访问值,如清单 3 所示:


 

清单 3. 通过散列表访问表单值



$ship_value = $HTTP_GET_VARS['ship'];

echo $ship_value;

echo "
";

$tripdate_value = $HTTP_GET_VARS['tripdate'];

echo $tripdate_value;

echo "
";

$exploration_value= $HTTP_GET_VARS['exploration'];

echo $exploration_value;

echo "
";

$contact_value = $HTTP_GET_VARS['contact'];

echo $contact_value;

?>




使用该方法,您可以通过名称来检索每个字段的值。

单名,多值



到现在为止,每个名称仅对应一个值。如果有多个值会怎样?例如,crew species 列表框允许用名称 crew 提交多个值。

理想情况下,您希望将这些值作为数组使用,这样就可以显式地检索它们。要实现这一点,您必须对 HTML 页面稍加改动。要作为数组提交的字段应该用方括号命名,如 crew[] 中:


 

清单 4. 修改 HTML 页面

...







...




一旦您作出更改,检索表单值实际上产生数组:


 

清单 5. 将变量作为数组访问

...

$crew_values = $HTTP_GET_VARS['crew'];

echo "0) ".$crew_values[0];

echo "
";

echo "1) ".$crew_values[1];

echo "
";

echo "2) ".$crew_values[2];

...




现在,提交页面后会显示多个值:


 

0) snertal

1) gosny

2)




首先要注意这是一个下标从 0 开始的数组。第一个遇到的值在位置 0 中,接下来的值在位置 1,以此类推。在本例中,我只提交了两个值,所以第三项为空。

通常,您不知道将提交多少项,因此您可以利用它是数组这一事实使用 sizeof() 函数来确定提交了多少值,而不必直接调用每一项:


 

清单 6. 确定数组的大小

...

for ($i = 0; $i
echo $crew_values[$i];

echo "
";

}

...




然而,有时问题不是值太多,而是根本没有



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