php之依赖注入和控制反转
DI——Dependency Injection 依赖注入
IoC——Inversion of Control 控制反转
要想理解上面两个概念,就必须搞清楚如下的问题:
1、参与者都有谁?
答:一般有三方参与者,一个是某个对象;一个是IoC/DI的容器;另一个是某个对象的外部资源。又要名词解释一下,某个对象指的就是任意的、普通的Java对象; IoC/DI的容器简单点说就是指用来实现IoC/DI功能的一个框架程序;对象的外部资源指的就是对象需要的,但是是从对象外部获取的,都统称资源,比如:对象需要的其它对象、或者是对象需要的文件资源等等。
2、依赖:谁依赖于谁?为什么会有依赖?
答:某个对象依赖于IoC/DI的容器。依赖是不可避免的,在一个项目中,各个类之间有各种各样的关系,不可能全部完全独立,这就形成了依赖。传统的开发是使用其他类时直接调用,这会形成强耦合,这是要避免的。依赖注入借用容器转移了被依赖对象实现解耦。
3、注入:谁注入于谁?到底注入什么?
答:通过容器向对象注入其所需要的外部资源
4、控制反转:谁控制谁?控制什么?为什么叫反转?
答: IoC/DI的容器控制对象,主要是控制对象实例的创建。反转是相对于正向而言的,那么什么算是正向的呢?考虑一下常规情况下的应用程序,如果要在A里面使用C,你会怎么做呢?当然是直接去创建C的对象,也就是说,是在A类中主动去获取所需要的外部资源C,这种情况被称为正向的。那么什么是反向呢?就是A类不再主动去获取C,而是被动等待,等待IoC/DI的容器获取一个C的实例,然后反向的注入到A类中。
5、依赖注入和控制反转是同一概念吗?
答:从上面可以看出:依赖注入是从应用程序的角度在描述,可以把依赖注入描述完整点:应用程序依赖容器创建并注入它所需要的外部资源;而控制反转是从容器的角度在描述,描述完整点:容器控制应用程序,由容器反向的向应用程序注入应用程序所需要的外部资源。
下面我们通过例子来具体看看依赖注入的一些实现方式:
1.构造器注入
<?phpclass Book { private $db_conn; public function __construct($db_conn) { $this->db_conn = $db_conn; }}
2、setter注入
<?php<br /> <br />class book{<br /> private $db;<br /> private $file;<br /> function setdb($db){<br /> $this->db=$db;<br /> }<br /> function setfile($file){<br /> $this->file=$file;<br /> }<br />}<br />class file{}<br />class db{}<br />...<br /><br />class test{<br /> $book = new Book(); $book->setdb(new db()); <br /> $book->setfile(new file());<br />}?>
上面俩种方法代码很清晰,但是当我们需要注入很多个依赖时,意味着又要增加很多行,会比较难以管理。
比较好的解决办法是 建立一个class作为所有依赖关系的container,在这个class中可以存放、创建、获取、查找需要的依赖关系
<?phpclass Ioc { protected $db_conn; public static function make_book() { $new_book = new Book(); $new_book->set_db(self::$db_conn); //... //... //其他的依赖注入 return $new_book; }}
此时,如果获取一个book实例,只需要执行$newone = Ioc::makebook();
以上是container的一个具体实例,最好还是不要把具体的某个依赖注入写成方法,采用registry注册,get获取比较好
<?phpclass Ioc {/*** @var 注册的依赖数组*/ protected static $registry = array(); /** * 添加一个resolve到registry数组中 * @param string $name 依赖标识 * @param object $resolve 一个匿名函数用来创建实例 * @return void */ public static function register($name, Closure $resolve) { static::$registry[$name] = $resolve; } /** * 返回一个实例 * @param string $name 依赖的标识 * @return mixed */ public static function resolve($name) { if ( static::registered($name) ) { $name = static::$registry[$name]; return $name(); } throw new Exception('Nothing registered with that name, fool.'); } /** * 查询某个依赖实例是否存在 * @param string $name id * @return bool */ public static function registered($name) { return array_key_exists($name, static::$registry); }}
现在就可以通过如下方式来注册和注入一个
<?php$book = Ioc::registry('book', function(){$book = new Book;$book->setdb('...');$book->setprice('...');return $book;}); //注入依赖$book = Ioc::resolve('book');?>
参考:http://www.4wei.cn/archives/1002316

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Long URLs, often cluttered with keywords and tracking parameters, can deter visitors. A URL shortening script offers a solution, creating concise links ideal for social media and other platforms. These scripts are valuable for individual websites a

Laravel simplifies handling temporary session data using its intuitive flash methods. This is perfect for displaying brief messages, alerts, or notifications within your application. Data persists only for the subsequent request by default: $request-

This is the second and final part of the series on building a React application with a Laravel back-end. In the first part of the series, we created a RESTful API using Laravel for a basic product-listing application. In this tutorial, we will be dev

Laravel provides concise HTTP response simulation syntax, simplifying HTTP interaction testing. This approach significantly reduces code redundancy while making your test simulation more intuitive. The basic implementation provides a variety of response type shortcuts: use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http; Http::fake([ 'google.com' => 'Hello World', 'github.com' => ['foo' => 'bar'], 'forge.laravel.com' =>

The PHP Client URL (cURL) extension is a powerful tool for developers, enabling seamless interaction with remote servers and REST APIs. By leveraging libcurl, a well-respected multi-protocol file transfer library, PHP cURL facilitates efficient execution of various network protocols, including HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP. This extension offers granular control over HTTP requests, supports multiple concurrent operations, and provides built-in security features.

Do you want to provide real-time, instant solutions to your customers' most pressing problems? Live chat lets you have real-time conversations with customers and resolve their problems instantly. It allows you to provide faster service to your custom

The 2025 PHP Landscape Survey investigates current PHP development trends. It explores framework usage, deployment methods, and challenges, aiming to provide insights for developers and businesses. The survey anticipates growth in modern PHP versio

In this article, we're going to explore the notification system in the Laravel web framework. The notification system in Laravel allows you to send notifications to users over different channels. Today, we'll discuss how you can send notifications ov
