Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial 两个例子理解PHP‘引用’

两个例子理解PHP‘引用’

Jun 23, 2016 pm 01:08 PM

  php变量前面加&符号是两个变量同时指向一个地址,如$a = & $b,不同于C,这里$a 和 $b 指向了同一个变量,$a 和$b 在这里是完全相同的。

示例一:php函数前面加&,如下:

function &test(){    static $b=0;//申明一个静态变量    $b=$b+1;    echo $b;    return $b;}$a=test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为1$a=5;$a=test();//这 条语句会输出 $b的值 为2$a=&test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为3$a=5;$a=test(); //这条语句会输出 $b的值 为6
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  $a=test();得到的不是函数的引用返回,和普通的函数调用没有区别.php规定通过$a=&test(); 方式得到的是函数的引用返回.(引用返回用在当想用函数找到引用应该被绑定在哪一个变量上面时。)

用上面的例子来解释就是:$a=test()方式调用函数,只是将函数的值赋给$a而已, 而$a做任何改变都不会影响到函数中的$b。而通过$a=&test()方式调用函数呢,他的作用是将return $b中的$b变量的内存地址与$a变量的内存地址,指向了同一个地方。 即产生了相当于这样的效果($a=&b;) 。所以改变$a的值,也同时改变了$b 的值 ,所以在执行了:$a=&test(); $a=5; 以后,$b的值变为了5。引用赋值允许你使用原始的对象,而不是创建一个副本。

 

示例二:$a = “hello”;

    $b = &$a;

    unset($b);

    $b = “world”;

    $a ? 
  通常,在将一个变量的值赋给另外一个变量的时候,先产生原变量的一个副本,然后再将它保存在内存的其他地方。如:
        $a = 5;

    $b = $a;
  首先产生$a的一个副本,然后再将它保存到$b中。如果随后改变$a的值,$b的值不会改变:

    $a = 7; //这时$b仍然是5
  可以使用引用操作符&来避免这样的副本。如:
       $a = 5;
       $b = &$a;
       $b = 7; //这时$a和$b都会是7。 这行也可以换成$a =7;
  引用是非常有趣的。请记住,引用就像一个别名,而不是一个指针。$a和$b都指向了内存的相同地址。可以通过重置它们来改变所指向的地址。如下所示:
     unset($a);
  重置并不会改变$b的值,但是只可以破坏$a和值7保存在内存中的连接。
  当unset 一个引用,只是断开了变量名和变量内容之间的绑定。这并不意味着变量内容被销毁了。例如下面所示,不会 unset $b,只是 $a。

      $a = 1;
      $b =& $a;
      unset($a);

 

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