Table of Contents
Medoo
环境要求
如何安装
开始使用
CURD
where
聚合查询
事务机制
使用query
直接使用PDO
使用DEBUG
Eloquent ORM
Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP数据库操作:使用ORM

PHP数据库操作:使用ORM

Jun 23, 2016 pm 01:11 PM

之前我发了一篇博文PHP数据库操作:从MySQL原生API到PDO,向大家展示PHP是如何使用MySQL原生API、MySQLi面向过程、MySQLi面向对象、PDO操作MySQL数据库的。本文介绍如何使用ORM操作数据库。

什么是ORM呢?引用网友的话:

ORM 对象关系映射,O(Object) 对象,在项目中就是实体,更加精确的来说就是数据Model,也可以说持久化类。R(Relation) 关系数据,M (Mapping)映射,将对象映射到关系数据,将关系数据映射到对象的过程。更加直观理解就是,ORM 就是以OOP思想,产生增删改查SQL语句。

相比PDO,ORM更适合快速开发项目,而不用写SQL语句。下面介绍几个好用的ORM。

Medoo

下文均以版本1.0.2为例。

环境要求

PHP 5.1+, 推荐PHP 5.4+ 且支持PDO.
至少安装了MySQL, MSSQL, SQLite其中一种.

如何安装

Medoo支持Composer安装和直接下载。

使用Composer安装:

composer require catfan/Medoocomposer update
Copy after login

直接下载:
https://github.com/catfan/Medoo/archive/master.zip

开始使用

引入Medoo并配置数据库:

<?php//使用Composer安装的这样引入//require 'vendor/autoload.php';// 直接下载的这样引入require_once 'medoo.php'; // 初始化$db = new medoo([    'database_type' => 'mysql',    'database_name' => 'test',    'server' => 'localhost',    'username' => 'root',    'password' => '123456',    'charset' => 'utf8',        //可选:端口    'port' => 3306,     //可选:表前缀    'prefix' => '',     // PDO驱动选项 http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdo.setattribute.php    'option' => [        PDO::ATTR_CASE => PDO::CASE_NATURAL    ]]); 
Copy after login

如果是SQLite:

$database = new medoo([    'database_type' => 'sqlite',    'database_file' => 'my/database/path/database.db']);
Copy after login

CURD

查询(Read):

select($table, $columns, $where) //获取所有记录- table [string] 表名- columns [string/array] 字段- where (可选) [array] 查询条件get($table, $columns, $where) //仅获取一条数据select($table, $join, $columns, $where)- table [string] 表名- join [array] 关联查询,如果没有可以忽略- columns [string/array] 字段- where (可选) [array] 查询条件
Copy after login

示例:

$user = $db->select('user', '*'); //返回所有数据$user = $db->get('user', '*'); //返回所有数据$user = $db->select('user','*', array('name ' => 'joy'));$user = $db->select('user','name', array('age[>] ' => 20)); $user = $db->select('user',['name','age'], array('age[<=] ' => 20)); 
Copy after login

新增(Create):

insert($table, $data)
Copy after login

示例:

$db->insert('user', array('name'=> 't3', 'age'=>22)); //返回自增id
Copy after login

注意:如果数据里面包含子数组将会被serialize()序列化, 你可以使用json_encode()作为JSON存储.

更新(Update):

update($table, $data, $where)
Copy after login

示例:

$db->update('user', array('name'=> 't5'), array('id'=> 23)); //返回受影响的行数
Copy after login

删除(Delete):

delete($table, $where)
Copy after login

示例:

$db->update('user',  array('id'=> 23)); //返回受影响的行数
Copy after login

where

聚合查询

$db->has('user',  array('id'=> 23)); //记录是否存在$db->count('user',  array('id[>]'=> 23)); //统计$db->max('user', 'age', array('gender'=> 1)); //最大值$db->min('user', 'age', array('gender'=> 2)); //最小值$db->avg('user',  'age', array('gender'=> 2)); //平均值$db->sum('user',  'age', array('gender'=> 2)); //求和
Copy after login

以上方法均支持第二个参数是$join,即关联查询。

事务机制

$db->action(function($db) {    try{        $db->insert("account", [            "name" => "foo",            "email" => "bar@abc.com"        ]);             $db->delete("account", [            "user_id" => 2312        ]);    }catch(Exception $e){        // 返回false就会回滚事务        return false;    }});
Copy after login

使用query

可以直接使用SQL。

//查询$data = $db->query("SELECT * FROM user")->fetchAll();print_r($data);//删除$db->query("DELETE FROM user where name='t5' ");
Copy after login

直接使用PDO

Medoo是基于PDO的,所以可以直接调用PDO实例。

获取PDO实例:

$pdo = $db->pdo;
Copy after login

接下来,可以使用PDO对象的所有方法了。

1.PDO::beginTransaction — 启动一个事务2.PDO::commit — 提交一个事务3.PDO::__construct — 创建一个表示数据库连接的 PDO 实例4.PDO::errorCode — 获取跟数据库句柄上一次操作相关的 SQLSTATE5.PDO::errorInfo — 获取错误信息6.PDO::exec — 执行一条 SQL 语句,并返回受影响的行数7.PDO::getAttribute — 取回一个数据库连接的属性*8.PDO::getAvailableDrivers — 返回一个可用驱动的数组(了解即可)*9.PDO::inTransaction — 检查是否在一个事务内(了解即可)10.PDO::lastInsertId — 返回最后插入行的ID或序列值11.PDO::prepare — 创建SQL的预处理,返回PDOStatement对象12.PDO::query — 用于执行查询SQL语句,返回PDOStatement对象13.PDO::quote — 为sql字串添加单引号14.PDO::rollBack — 回滚一个事务15.PDO::setAttribute — 设置属性
Copy after login

示例:

$stmt = $pdo->query('select * from user limit 2'); //返回一个PDOStatement对象//$row = $stmt->fetch(); //从结果集中获取下一行,用于while循环$rows = $stmt->fetchAll(); //获取所有print_r($rows);
Copy after login

pdo事务:

$pdo->beginTransaction();//开启事务处理try{    //PDO预处理以及执行语句...        $pdo->commit();//提交事务}catch(PDOException $e){    $pdo->rollBack();//事务回滚        //相关错误处理    throw $e;}
Copy after login

使用DEBUG

debug() 打印最终的SQL语句

在select、get、insert、update等方法前面加上debug()方法可以打印SQL语句,程序不会继续运行:

$user = $db->debug()->select('user', '*'); //SELECT "name","age" FROM "user" WHERE "age" <= 20
Copy after login

error() 返回最后一次操作的出错信息

$db->select('user3', '*'); var_dump($db->error());
Copy after login

log() 返回所有的SQL查询语句,不影响查询正常执行

$db->select('user', '*'); var_dump($db->log());
Copy after login

last_query() 和log()类似,但仅返回最后一条SQL查询语句,不影响查询正常执行

$db->select('user', '*'); var_dump($db->last_query());
Copy after login

Eloquent ORM

Eloquent ORM是Laravel框架使用的ORM。Laravel 的 Eloquent ORM 提供了更优雅的ActiveRecord 实现来和数据库的互动。 每个数据库表对应一个模型文件。

参考:
1、Guidebook - Medoo
http://medoo.in/api/new/
2、Eloquent ORM笔记 - 飞鸿影~ - 博客园

(未完待续。。。)

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Chat Commands and How to Use Them
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Apr 05, 2025 am 12:04 AM

JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,

Explain the concept of late static binding in PHP. Explain the concept of late static binding in PHP. Mar 21, 2025 pm 01:33 PM

Article discusses late static binding (LSB) in PHP, introduced in PHP 5.3, allowing runtime resolution of static method calls for more flexible inheritance.Main issue: LSB vs. traditional polymorphism; LSB's practical applications and potential perfo

Framework Security Features: Protecting against vulnerabilities. Framework Security Features: Protecting against vulnerabilities. Mar 28, 2025 pm 05:11 PM

Article discusses essential security features in frameworks to protect against vulnerabilities, including input validation, authentication, and regular updates.

Customizing/Extending Frameworks: How to add custom functionality. Customizing/Extending Frameworks: How to add custom functionality. Mar 28, 2025 pm 05:12 PM

The article discusses adding custom functionality to frameworks, focusing on understanding architecture, identifying extension points, and best practices for integration and debugging.

How to send a POST request containing JSON data using PHP's cURL library? How to send a POST request containing JSON data using PHP's cURL library? Apr 01, 2025 pm 03:12 PM

Sending JSON data using PHP's cURL library In PHP development, it is often necessary to interact with external APIs. One of the common ways is to use cURL library to send POST�...

Describe the SOLID principles and how they apply to PHP development. Describe the SOLID principles and how they apply to PHP development. Apr 03, 2025 am 12:04 AM

The application of SOLID principle in PHP development includes: 1. Single responsibility principle (SRP): Each class is responsible for only one function. 2. Open and close principle (OCP): Changes are achieved through extension rather than modification. 3. Lisch's Substitution Principle (LSP): Subclasses can replace base classes without affecting program accuracy. 4. Interface isolation principle (ISP): Use fine-grained interfaces to avoid dependencies and unused methods. 5. Dependency inversion principle (DIP): High and low-level modules rely on abstraction and are implemented through dependency injection.

How does session hijacking work and how can you mitigate it in PHP? How does session hijacking work and how can you mitigate it in PHP? Apr 06, 2025 am 12:02 AM

Session hijacking can be achieved through the following steps: 1. Obtain the session ID, 2. Use the session ID, 3. Keep the session active. The methods to prevent session hijacking in PHP include: 1. Use the session_regenerate_id() function to regenerate the session ID, 2. Store session data through the database, 3. Ensure that all session data is transmitted through HTTPS.

See all articles