Laravel5.0学习02 实例进阶
本文以laravel5.0.22为例。
本节以新建一个简单的博客作为实例。
准备工作
数据库配置
.env文件（也可以直接修改config/database.php）
DB_HOST=localhostDB_DATABASE=myblogDB_USERNAME=rootDB_PASSWORD=123456
数据库表：
CREATE TABLE `blog` ( `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `uid` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `title` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `content` text NOT NULL, `flag` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1', `create_time` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `update_time` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
开始
这里暂时不使用Eloquent ORM，直接使用DB类。
控制器
新建一个控制器：app/Http/Controllers/BlogController.php
<?phpnamespace App\Http\Controllers;use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;/** * * @author YJC * */class BlogController extends Controller{ public function index() { $list = DB::table('blog')->get(); //需要return return view('blog.index', ['list' => $list]); }}视图
新建一个母版视图：resources/views/blog/layout.blade.php
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Laravel</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css"></head><body> @yield('content') <!-- Scripts --> <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script></body></html>新建一个普通视图：resources/views/blog/index.blade.php
@extends('blog.layout')@section('content') @foreach($list as $blog) <div> <h1 id="blog-title">{{$blog->title}}</h1> <p>{{$blog->content}}</p> </div> @endforeach@endsection路由
Route::get('blog', 'BlogController@index');访问
http://localhost/laravel5/public/index.php/blog
即可。
路由技巧
默认的，每新增一个方法，需要写一条路由，比较繁琐。Laravel支持针对一个控制器里所有方法仅写一条路由。需要遵循的规则是：
1) 控制器里方法必须以get、post开头。
2) Route::get()改成Route::controller()。
示例：上面的index方法我们需要改成getIndex，路由这样写：
Route::controller('blog', 'BlogController');这样，Blog控制器所有的方法都能被路由匹配。例如，有如下方法：
public function getIndex(){}public function getDetail(){}public function postAdd(){}都可以被匹配。访问的时候直接：
http://localhost/laravel5/public/index.php/blog/indexhttp://localhost/laravel5/public/index.php/blog/detail/2http://localhost/laravel5/public/index.php/blog/add
新增文章详情页
控制器新增getDetail()方法：
public function getDetail($id) { $blog = DB::table('blog')->find($id); return view('blog.detail', ['blog' => $blog]);}更改index.blade.php:
@extends('blog.layout')@section('content') @foreach($list as $blog) <div> <h1 id="a-href-url-blog-detail-blog-id-blog-title-a"><a href="{{url('blog/detail/'.$blog->id)}}">{{$blog->title}}</a></h1> <p>{{$blog->content}}</p> </div> @endforeach @endsection新增文章详情试图页detail.blade.php:
@extends('blog.layout')@section('content') <div class="jumbotron"> <h1 id="blog-title">{{$blog->title}}</h1> <p>{{$blog->content}}</p> </div>@endsection更改路由：
//对应blog/indexRoute::get('blog', 'BlogController@index'); //对应blog里任何方法，注意方法要加get或者postRoute::controller('blog', 'BlogController');使用Eloquent ORM
上面我们一直用的是DB类。接下来我们将使用Eloquent ORM代替DB类。
Laravel 的 Eloquent ORM 提供了更优雅的ActiveRecord 实现来和数据库的互动。 每个数据库表对应一个模型文件。
模型(Model)
在app下新建Blog.php:
<?phpnamespace App;use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;/** * @author YJC * */class Blog extends Model{ //指定表名，不指定系统会默认自动对应名称为「类名称的小写复数形态」的数据库表 protected $table = 'blog'; //指定主键，默认就是id protected $primaryKey = 'id'; //默认情况下，在数据库表里需要有 updated_at 和 created_at 两个字段。如果您不想设定或自动更新这两个字段，则将类里的 $timestamps 属性设为 false即可 public $timestamps = false; }提示：所有DB类里查询构造器里的方法，查询 Eloquent 模型时也可以使用。
控制器里使用模型
复制BlogController.php为BlogController.php.bak，清空原BlogController.php里面内容，改为如下内容：
<?phpnamespace App\Http\Controllers;//需要use模型use App\Blog;/** * * @author YJC * */class BlogController extends Controller{ public function index() { $list = Blog::all(); return view('blog.index', ['list' => $list]); } public function getDetail($id) { $blog = Blog::find($id); return view('blog.detail', ['blog' => $blog]); }}Eloquent ORM提供了很多易用的方法来操作数据库。例如：
在Blog.php模型文件里，我们可以使用以下查询方法（Eloquent ORM同时支持$this和静态方式调用）：
//取出所有记录,all()得出的是对象集合，可以遍历$this->all()->toArray();//根据主键取出一条数据$one = $this->find('2');return array( $one->id, $one->title, $one->content,);//查找id=2的第一条数据$this->where('id', 2)->first()->toArray();//查找id>0的所有数据$this->where('id', '>', '0')->get()->toArray();//查找id>0的所有数据，降序排列$this->where('id', '>', '0')->orderBy('id', 'desc')->get()->toArray();//查找id>0的所有数据，降序排列，计数$this->where('id', '>', '0')->orderBy('id', 'desc')->count();//offset,limit$this->where('id', '>', '0')->orderBy($order[0], $order[1])->skip($offset)->take($limit);//等同于$this->where('id', '>', '0')->orderBy($order[0], $order[1])->offset($offset)->limit($limit);更多操作方法详见：http://www.golaravel.com/laravel/docs/5.0/eloquent/
访问http://localhost/laravel5/public/index.php/blog页面看看吧！
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