Nginx 和 PHP-FPM 权限安全配置

环境:

• 一台Gentoo宿主机
• 两个WordPress博客
• Nginx
• PHP-FPM 5.6
• MySQL

需要做到两个WordPress博客权限上互相安全隔离。

大致步骤:

• 新建两个系统用户: blog1, blog2. shell是nologin.
• MySQL 新建两个用户blog1/blog2, 两个新数据库dbblog1/dbblog2, 分别将用户开放给各自数据库
• WordPress压缩包解压后, 属主全部改为blog1/blog2
• PHP-FPM 使用sock通信; 进程属主是blog1/blog2, sock文件的属主是blog1/blog2, 属组是nginx; 开启chroot
• Nginx进程权限是nginx

以下记录步骤, 只针对blog1, blog2和blog1配置完全一样, 改其中个别字段即可:

创建两个系统服务用户:

因为是作为服务用户, 所以shell需要设置为 /sbin/nologin禁止登录; 另外, 不需要生成home目录.

$ useradd -u 1201 -s /sbin/nologin -d /dev/null blog1

MySQL新建用户, 数据库, 配置权限:

数据库级别权限隔离, 且各用户只有自己相关数据库的权限.

CREATE DATABASE dbblog1;CREATE USER 'blog1'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '<password>';GRANT ALL ON dbblog1.* TO 'blog1'@'localhost';FLUSH PRIVILEGE;

WordPress压缩包解压, 更改文件属主:

属主更改是为了PHP-FPM有权限读写站点文件.

$ tar zxvf wordpress-4.4.2-zh_CN.tar.gz$ mv wordpress blog1$ chown -R blog1 blog1$ ls -alhd blog1drwxr-xr-x 5 blog1 nogroup 4.0K Feb  3 08:13 blog1

PHP-FPM 配置:

首先修改主配置 /etc/php/fpm-php5.6/php-fpm.conf:

注释掉 Pool Definitions中的所有配置项, 即去掉默认的 wwwPool; 开启 include项:

; Include one or more files. If glob(3) exists, it is used to include a bunch of; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the; file.; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by:;  - the global prefix if it's been set (-p argument);  - /usr/lib64/php5.6 otherwiseinclude=/etc/php/fpm-php5.6/etc/fpm.d/*.conf

每个web site一个独立的php-fpm配置(具体解释看默认的配置文件):

$ cat /etc/php/fpm-php5.6/etc/fpm.d/blog1.conf[blog1]user = blog1    ; php-fpm子进程的uidgroup = nogrouplisten = /var/run/php-fpm-blog1.socklisten.owner = nginx    ; sock通信文件的属主, 和nginx通信listen.group = nginx    ; sock通信文件的属组, 和nginx通信listen.mode = 0660pm = dynamicpm.max_children = 5pm.start_servers = 2pm.min_spare_servers = 1pm.max_spare_servers = 3chroot = /var/www/blog1chdir = /

配置 user是为了控制权限, 读写站点文件.

配置 listen.owner/group是为了nginx有权限和php-fpm通信.

设置 chroot到站点目录下, 限制最小访问权限. 命令 pwdx可以查看指定进程的当前工作目录.

$ ps aux | grep phproot      5646  0.0  0.3 247836  7192 ?        Ss   14:55   0:00 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php/fpm-php5.6/php-fpm.conf)blog1     5647  0.0  0.6 247944 13884 ?        S    14:55   0:00 php-fpm: pool blog1blog1     5648  0.0  0.6 247812 13192 ?        S    14:55   0:00 php-fpm: pool blog1blog2     5649  0.0  1.4 251840 29756 ?        S    14:55   0:00 php-fpm: pool blog2blog2     5650  0.0  0.3 247812  6636 ?        S    14:55   0:00 php-fpm: pool blog2root     10071  0.0  0.1 112700  2100 pts/4    S+   15:52   0:00 grep --color php$ pwdx 56475647: /var/www/blog1

Nginx配置:

server {    listen 80;    server_name blog1.tankywoo.com;    index index.php;    access_log /var/log/nginx/blog1_log main;    error_log /var/log/nginx/blog1_error_log;    root /var/www/blog1/;    location ~ .php$ {        try_files      $uri  =404;        fastcgi_pass   unix:///var/run/php-fpm-blog1.sock;        include        fastcgi.conf;        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    /$fastcgi_script_name;    }}

注意 fastcgi_param配置. 如果是默认的:

 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

则PHP-FPM(fastcgi)读取index.php, 即/var/www/blog1/inex.php.

而因为PHP-FPM配置了chroot, 所以这个目录是当对于chroot后的目录.

即实际读取/var/www/blog1/var/www/blog1/index.php

中间过程中, 遇到几个报错:

php-fpm log:

php-fpm chroot FastCGI sent in stderr: "Primary script unknown" while reading response header from upstream

找不到php文件, 原因就是fastcgi的 SCRIPT_FILENAME配置之前没配.

数据库连接失败

原因是WordPress默认是通过socket连接数据库, 而此时web site是chroot的, 所以没法找到sock文件.

方法1是把sock文件mount进去:

$ mkdir -p /var/www/blog1/var/run/mysqld$ mount --bind /var/run/mysqld /var/www/blog1/var/run/mysqld

不过此方法不够完美。

方法2就是将WordPress改为通过tcp链接MySQL, wp-config.php 增加:

define('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1');

参考链接:

• Nginx and PHP-FPM Configuration and Optimizing Tips and Tricks
• How To Host Multiple Websites Securely With Nginx And Php-fpm On Ubuntu 14.04
• Nginx + PHP-FPM with chroot
• Apache + PHP-FPM + chroot results “File not found.” error