Table of Contents
简介
类摘要
属性
Table of Contents
Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP学习笔记7:错误和异常处理

PHP学习笔记7:错误和异常处理

Jun 23, 2016 pm 01:23 PM

读《PHP和MySQL Web开发》笔记合集:

1、异常处理概念

1)异常处理在 try 代码块被调用执行

try

{

    //code goes here

}

2)PHP中,异常必须手动抛出

throw new Exception('message',code);

这是一个语言结构,而不是一个函数。

可以在throw子句中传递任何其他对象。


3)在try代码块之后,必须至少给出一个catch代码块。

catch ( typehint exception)

{

  //  handle exception

}

可以将多个catch 代码块与一个try 代码块进行关联。

例子:


try  {

  throw new Exception("A terrible error has occurred", 42);

}

catch (Exception $e) {

  echo "Exception ". $e->getCode(). ": ". $e->getMessage()."
".

  " in ". $e->getFile(). " on line ". $e->getLine(). "
";

}


?>



2、Exception类

Exception

(PHP 5 >= 5.1.0)

简介

Exception是所有异常的基类。

类摘要

Exception {

/* 属性 */

protectedstring $message ;

protectedint $code ;

protectedstring $file ;

protectedint $line ;

/* 方法 */

public __construct ([ string $message = "" [, int $code = 0 [,  Exception$previous =  NULL ]]] )

final public string  getMessage ( void )

final public Exception  getPrevious ( void )

final public int  getCode ( void )

final public string  getFile ( void )

final public int  getLine ( void )

final public array  getTrace ( void )

final public string  getTraceAsString ( void )

public string __toString ( void )

final private void  __clone ( void )

}

属性

message

异常消息内容

code

异常代码

file

抛出异常的文件名

line

抛出异常在该文件中的行号

Table of Contents

  • Exception::__construct — 异常构造函数
  • Exception::getMessage — 获取异常消息内容
  • Exception::getPrevious — 返回异常链中的前一个异常
  • Exception::getCode — 获取异常代码
  • Exception::getFile — 获取发生异常的程序文件名称
  • Exception::getLine — 获取发生异常的代码在文件中的行号
  • Exception::getTrace — 获取异常追踪信息
  • Exception::getTraceAsString — 获取字符串类型的异常追踪信息
  • Exception::__toString — 将异常对象转换为字符串
  • Exception::__clone — 异常克隆
3、用户自定义异常

用户可以扩展Exception类来创建自己的异常类。

注意,Exception类大多数公有方法都是final,不能重载,我们可以创建自己的Exception子类,但是不能改变这些基本方法的行为。但是注意,__toString()函数可以重载。

例子:


class myException extends Exception

{

  function __toString()

  {

       return "

       

       

       

       

Exception ".$this->getCode()."

       

: ".$this->getMessage()."
"."

       in ".$this->getFile()." on line ".$this->getLine()."

       


";

   }

}


try

{

  throw new myException("A terrible error has occurred", 42);

}

catch (myException $m)

{

   echo $m;

}


?>


4、I/O部分与建议

I/O部分容易出异常,通常,良好的编码习惯要求try代码块的代码量较少,并且在代码块的结束处捕获相关异常。

注意:如果一场没有匹配的catch语句块,PHP将报告一个致命错误。

例子:

// open file for appending

try

{

  if (!($fp =  @fopen("$DOCUMENT_ROOT/../orders/orders.txt", 'ab')))

       throw new fileOpenException();


  if (!flock($fp, LOCK_EX))

      throw new fileLockException();


  if (!fwrite($fp, $outputstring, strlen($outputstring)))

      throw new fileWriteException();

  flock($fp, LOCK_UN);

  fclose($fp);

  echo "

Order written.

";

}

catch (fileOpenException $foe)

{

   echo "

Orders file could not be opened.

         Please contact our webmaster for help.

";

}

catch (Exception $e)

{

   echo "

Your order could not be processed at this time.

         Please try again later.

";

}


5、异常与PHP其他错误处理机制

PHP还提供了复杂的错误处理机制,注意,比如异常处理和@错误抑制并不会影响。

例子:

 if (!($fp =  @fopen("$DOCUMENT_ROOT/../orders/orders.txt", 'ab')))

       throw new fileOpenException();


如果该函数调用失败,PHP将发出一个浸膏,根据php.ini的设置进行错误报告或记录。
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