PHP PSR-4 Autoloader
Autoloader
关键词 “必须”("MUST")、“一定不可/一定不能”("MUST NOT")、“需要”("REQUIRED")、
“将会”("SHALL")、“不会”("SHALL NOT")、“应该”("SHOULD")、“不该”("SHOULD NOT")、
“推荐”("RECOMMENDED")、“可以”("MAY")和”可选“("OPTIONAL")的详细描述可参见 RFC 2119 。
1. 概述
本 PSR 是关于由文件路径 自动载入 对应类的相关规范,
本规范是可互操作的,可以作为任一自动载入规范的补充,其中包括 PSR-0,此外,
本 PSR 还包括自动载入的类对应的文件存放路径规范。
2. 详细说明
此处的“类”泛指所有的class类、接口、traits可复用代码块以及其它类似结构。
一个完整的类名需具有以下结构:
\<命名空间>(\<子命名空间>)*\<类名>
完整的类名必须要有一个顶级命名空间,被称为 "vendor namespace";
完整的类名可以有一个或多个子命名空间;
完整的类名必须有一个最终的类名;
完整的类名中任意一部分中的下滑线都是没有特殊含义的;
完整的类名可以由任意大小写字母组成;
所有类名都必须是大小写敏感的。
当根据完整的类名载入相应的文件……
完整的类名中,去掉最前面的命名空间分隔符,前面连续的一个或多个命名空间和子命名空间,作为“命名空间前缀”,其必须与至少一个“文件基目录”相对应;
紧接命名空间前缀后的子命名空间必须与相应的”文件基目录“相匹配,其中的命名空间分隔符将作为目录分隔符。
末尾的类名必须与对应的以 .php 为后缀的文件同名。
自动加载器(autoloader)的实现一定不能抛出异常、一定不能触发任一级别的错误信息以及不应该有返回值。
3. 例子
下表展示了符合规范完整类名、命名空间前缀和文件基目录所对应的文件路径。
完整类名 | 命名空间前缀 | 文件基目录 | 文件路径 |
---|---|---|---|
\Acme\Log\Writer\File_Writer | Acme\Log\Writer | ./acme-log-writer/lib/ | ./acme-log-writer/lib/File_Writer.php |
\Aura\Web\Response\Status | Aura\Web | /path/to/aura-web/src/ | /path/to/aura-web/src/Response/Status.php |
\Symfony\Core\Request | Symfony\Core | ./vendor/Symfony/Core/ | ./vendor/Symfony/Core/Request.php |
\Zend\Acl | Zend | /usr/includes/Zend/ | /usr/includes/Zend/Acl.php |
关于本规范的实现,可参阅 [相关实例][]
注意:实例并不属于规范的一部分,且随时会有所变动。
转自Github(PizzaLiu)

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