Table of Contents
1. 概述
2. 详细说明
3. 例子
Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP PSR-4 Autoloader

PHP PSR-4 Autoloader

Jun 23, 2016 pm 01:24 PM

Autoloader

关键词 “必须”("MUST")、“一定不可/一定不能”("MUST NOT")、“需要”("REQUIRED")、
“将会”("SHALL")、“不会”("SHALL NOT")、“应该”("SHOULD")、“不该”("SHOULD NOT")、
“推荐”("RECOMMENDED")、“可以”("MAY")和”可选“("OPTIONAL")的详细描述可参见 RFC 2119 。

1. 概述

本 PSR 是关于由文件路径 自动载入 对应类的相关规范,
本规范是可互操作的,可以作为任一自动载入规范的补充,其中包括 PSR-0,此外,
本 PSR 还包括自动载入的类对应的文件存放路径规范。

2. 详细说明

  • 此处的“类”泛指所有的class类、接口、traits可复用代码块以及其它类似结构。

  • 一个完整的类名需具有以下结构:

       \<命名空间>(\<子命名空间>)*\<类名>
    Copy after login
  • 完整的类名必须要有一个顶级命名空间,被称为 "vendor namespace";

  • 完整的类名可以有一个或多个子命名空间;

  • 完整的类名必须有一个最终的类名;

  • 完整的类名中任意一部分中的下滑线都是没有特殊含义的;

  • 完整的类名可以由任意大小写字母组成;

  • 所有类名都必须是大小写敏感的。

  • 当根据完整的类名载入相应的文件……

  • 完整的类名中,去掉最前面的命名空间分隔符,前面连续的一个或多个命名空间和子命名空间,作为“命名空间前缀”,其必须与至少一个“文件基目录”相对应;

  • 紧接命名空间前缀后的子命名空间必须与相应的”文件基目录“相匹配,其中的命名空间分隔符将作为目录分隔符。

  • 末尾的类名必须与对应的以 .php 为后缀的文件同名。

  • 自动加载器(autoloader)的实现一定不能抛出异常、一定不能触发任一级别的错误信息以及不应该有返回值。

  • 3. 例子

    下表展示了符合规范完整类名、命名空间前缀和文件基目录所对应的文件路径。

    完整类名 命名空间前缀 文件基目录 文件路径
    \Acme\Log\Writer\File_Writer Acme\Log\Writer ./acme-log-writer/lib/ ./acme-log-writer/lib/File_Writer.php
    \Aura\Web\Response\Status Aura\Web /path/to/aura-web/src/ /path/to/aura-web/src/Response/Status.php
    \Symfony\Core\Request Symfony\Core ./vendor/Symfony/Core/ ./vendor/Symfony/Core/Request.php
    \Zend\Acl Zend /usr/includes/Zend/ /usr/includes/Zend/Acl.php

    关于本规范的实现,可参阅 [相关实例][]
    注意:实例并属于规范的一部分,且随时有所变动。

    转自Github(PizzaLiu)

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