php抽象类和接口
```接口使用接口,你可以指定某个类必须实现那些方法,但是不需要定义这些方法的具体内容,我们可以通过interface来定义一个接口,就像定义标准类一样,但其中定义所有的方法都是空的,接口中定义的所有的方法都必须是public实现一个接口,可以使用implement操作符,类中必须实现接口中定义的所用的方法,如果实现多个接口,可以用逗号来分割多个接口的名称注意实现多个接口时,接口中的方法不能有重名接口也可以继承,通过使用extends操作符接口中可以定义常量,接口常量和类常量的使用完全相同,他们都是定值,不能被子类或子接口修改例子://声明接口interface Itemplate{ public function setVariable($name,$var); public function getHtml($template);}//实现接口class Template implements Itemplate{ private $vars=array(); public function setVariable($name,$var){ $this->vars[$name]=$var; } public function getHtml($template){ foreach($this->vars as $names=>$value){ $template=str_replace('{'.$names.'}',$value,$template); } return $template; }} 例子2:interface a{ public function foo();}interface b{ public function bar();}//继承接口interface c extends a,b{ public function baz();}//实现接口class d implements c{ public function foo(){ } public function bar(){ } public function baz(){ }} interface a{ const b="hello";} 抽象类php5支持抽象类和抽象方法。抽象类不能直接被实例化,必须先继承该抽象类,然后再实例化子类,任何一个类,如果他里面至少有一个方法是被声明为抽象的,那这个类就必须被声明为抽象的,如果类方法被声明为抽象的,那么其中就不能包括具体的功能实现继承一个抽象类的时候,子类必须实现抽象类中的所有的抽象方法,另外,这些方法的可见性必须和抽象类中一样(或更轻松),如果抽象类中的某个抽象方法被声明为proteected,那么子类中实现的方法应该声明为pritected或者public 例子:abstract class AbstractClass{ //抽象方法 abstract protected function getValue(); abstract protected function prefieValue($p); //普通方法(非抽象方法) public function printOut(){ print $this->getValue(); }} class ConcreteClass1 extends AbstractClass{ protected function getValue(){ return "ConcreteClass1"; } public function prefieValue($p){ return "{$p}concreteclass1"; }} class ConcreteClass2 extends AbstractClass{ protected function getValue(){ return "ConcreteClass2"; } public function prefieValue($p){ return "{$p}concreteclass2"; }} $class1=new ConcreteClass1();$class1->printOut();echo $class1->prefieValue('FOO_');/* 打印结果:ConcreteClass1FOO_concreteclass12. 调用静态方法的抽象类仍然可行的 类常量不可以的abstract class Foo{ const a="hello"; static function bar() { echo "test\n"; }}Foo::a;//没有输出Foo::bar();//test```

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