说说 PHP 的 die 和 exit
今天有小伙伴说 exit 和 die 有一点差别。我说 die 不就是 exit 的别名吗?为了证明我的观点,翻了翻 PHP 的源码,在 zend_language_scanner.l 中,很容易就能发现这关键字是同一个 token:
<ST_IN_SCRIPTING>"exit" { return T_EXIT;}<ST_IN_SCRIPTING>"die" { return T_EXIT;}
所以最终也是同一个 Opcode:ZEND_EXIT。所以这两个关键字没有任何差别,这其实也没什么好说的。
我顺便提醒了小伙伴们一句:不要用 exit 输出整数。原因也很简单,在 PHP 官网的文档里就能看到:
void exit ([ string $status ] )
void exit ( int $status )
如果 status 是一个字符串,在退出之前该函数会打印 status 。
如果 status 是一个 integer,该值会作为退出状态码,并且不会被打印输出。 退出状态码应该在范围0至254,不应使用被PHP保留的退出状态码255。 状态码0用于成功中止程序。
所以如果 status 是一个整数,会被当成状态码输出,而不是打印,所以如果想返回给前端是不可能的。
那么这个状态码有什么用呢?
大家都知道 shell 脚本执行可以返回一个状态码,PHP 的脚本的执行返回的状态码是一样的,可以在环境变量中被捕捉到:
Scholer: ~ $ php -r 'exit(254);'Scholer: ~ $ echo $?254
我的好奇心又被勾起来了:如果给的是不在 0 ~ 255 之间的状态码会怎么样呢?经过测试,发现如果是大于 255 的状态码,会返回 status 对 256 求于之后的结果。如果是小于 0 的,在 -1 ~ - 255 之间时返回的是 status 256 求和的结果,小于 -256 的则是绝对值和 256 求余。总之都在 0 ~ 255 之间。
接着探究下去。
exit 的实现在 zend_vm_def.h 中:
ZEND_VM_HANDLER(79, ZEND_EXIT, CONST|TMP|VAR|UNUSED|CV, ANY){#if !defined(ZEND_VM_SPEC) || (OP1_TYPE != IS_UNUSED) USE_OPLINE SAVE_OPLINE(); if (OP1_TYPE != IS_UNUSED) { zend_free_op free_op1; zval *ptr = GET_OP1_ZVAL_PTR(BP_VAR_R); if (Z_TYPE_P(ptr) == IS_LONG) { EG(exit_status) = Z_LVAL_P(ptr); } else { zend_print_variable(ptr); } FREE_OP1(); }#endif
从代码中我们可以很明显的看出来通过 Z_TYPE_P 来检测状态码的类型,如果是 long 的话就赋值给全局变量 exit_status(EG 这个宏就是用来便捷的访问全局变量的),如果不是,就调用 zend_print_variable 打印出来。
Z_LVAL_P 的声明在 zend_operators.h 中:
#define Z_LVAL_P(zval_p) Z_LVAL(*zval_p)...#define Z_LVAL(zval) (zval).value.lval
再进一步就是大家都知道的 PHP 解释器中的变量定义了(我这份源码还是 PHP 5.5 的版本,不是 PHP7),在 zend.h 中:
typedef union _zvalue_value { long lval; /* long value */ double dval; /* double value */ struct { char *val; int len; } str; HashTable *ht; /* hash table value */ zend_object_value obj;} zvalue_value;struct _zval_struct { /* Variable information */ zvalue_value value; /* value */ zend_uint refcount__gc; zend_uchar type; /* active type */ zend_uchar is_ref__gc;};
所以这里 exit_status 的值到这里还是一个长整形。
那么问题就来了,为什么最终输出的是 0 ~ 255 之间的状态码呢?老实说这个问题我吃的也不是很透,这需要对 Linux 环境编程足够熟悉才行,这里只能简单的说一下。
通过 strace 跟踪一下执行:
$ strace php -r 'exit(258);' >& strace.log
在结果的最后两行可以很清楚的看到:
...exit_group(258) = ?+++ exited with 2 +++
exit_group 中还是原始值,但最终会变成 2 。PHP 本身并没有对这个值做特殊处理,但是 exit 或者 main 函数中的 return,只能使用 0 ~ 255 之间的值,其他值都会被处理。可以写一个简单的程序测试:
int main(int argc, char const *argv[]){ return 258;}
结果:
Scholer: ~ $ ./testScholer: ~ $ echo $?2
详情参见:http://www.laruence.com/2012/02/01/2503.html

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