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PHP实现协程

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Release: 2016-06-23 13:37:28
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在服务器编程当中,为了实现异步,经常性的需要回调函数,例如以下这段代码

function send($value) {    $data = process($value);    onReceive($data);}function onReceive($recv_value) {    var_dump($recv_value);}function process($value) {    return $value+1;}$send_value = 1;send($send_value);
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实现的东西很简单,其实就是将send_value发送到远端,远端服务器对其进行加一操作后,发送回来,于是在onReceive中我们可以得到远端服务器的返回值recv_value。


但是这样的代码就会看上去比较支离破碎,尤其是在process当中再次进行远程过程调用的时候,会变得更加难以开发和维护。协程就是为了解决这样的问题,使得异步的代码看起来同步化。


下面就是使用php的yield完成代码调度的示例(如果想看懂这段代码,需要首先了解一下php 5.5的新特性generator和yield)

框架代码如下:

class CCoroutine {    /**     *     * @var Generator      */    public $coroutine;    /**     *     * @var miexed null or CCoroutine     */    public $father;    public function __construct($coroutine, $father = null) {        $this->coroutine = $coroutine;        $this->father = $father;    }}class AsyncTask {        public $data;    public function __construct($data) {        $this->data = $data;    }}abstract class CoroutineScheduler {        protected $coroutine = NULL;    abstract function send_and_receive($value);    public function run($data) {        $co = $this->send_and_receive($data);        $ccoroutine = new CCoroutine($co);        $this->schedule($ccoroutine);    }    protected function schedule($ccoroutine) {        $task = $ccoroutine->coroutine->current();        //如果当前值为空,表示这个$ccoroutine应该已经结束了        if (is_null($task)) {            if (is_null($ccoroutine->father)) {            //已经彻底调度结束了--一般是onRecieve方法运行到最后一步了                return;            } else {            //注意,如果运行到这个分支,则表示子生成器没有给父生成器传数据            //子生成器可能是通过引用传递来改变父生成器的变量值            //所以这个时候只要调度父生成器就可以了                $ccoroutine->father->coroutine->next();                $father = $ccoroutine->father;                $this->schedule($father);                unset($ccoroutine);            }        } else {            if (is_object($task) && $task instanceof AsyncTask) {                //当task是异步数据请求的时候,开始处理socket并且将进程熄火在这里                $this->dealTask($task, $ccoroutine);            } elseif (is_object($task) && $task instanceof \Generator) {                //当task是生成器时,表示当前生成器又有了子生成器的调用                $newcc = new CCoroutine($task, $ccoroutine);                $this->schedule($newcc);            } elseif ($ccoroutine->father != null) {                //注意,如果运行到这个分支,则表示在子的生成器里调用了yield $str;这样的写法                //我们规定这种写法是在给父生成器传数据,所以当前生成器就会终止调用了转而去调度父生成器                $ccoroutine->father->coroutine->send($task);                $father = $ccoroutine->father;                $this->schedule($father);                unset($ccoroutine);            }        }    }    protected function dealTask($task, $ccoroutine) {        $this->coroutine = $ccoroutine;        $this->send($task->data);    }        public function send($value) {        $data = $this->process($value);        $this->onReceive($data);    }    public function process($value) {        return $value+1;    }        protected function onReceive($data) {        $this->coroutine->coroutine->send($data);        $this->schedule($this->coroutine);    }}
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框架将 send, onReceive等函数全部都封装好了,使得调用方的代码看起来可以是同步的代码

调用方代码如下:

//1. 需要去实现CoroutineScheduler的send_and_receive函数,主要是为了在里面拿到返回值class Solution extends CoroutineScheduler {    public function send_and_receive($data) {        $result = (yield new AsyncTask($data));        var_dump($result);            }}//2. 在最外层去调用框架的代码,给出输入参数 $data$s = new Solution();$data = 1;$s->run($data);
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