php开发之数组(一)
数组是一组数据的集合,把一系列的数据结合起来,形成一个可操作的整体。数组array是一组有序变量,其中每个变量被称为一个元素。每个元素由一个特殊的标识符来区分,这个标识符称为键(也称为下标)。数组中的每个实体包含两个项:键和值。可以通过键值来获取相应的数组元素。
在php中数组的声明主要有两种方式:一种是利用array()函数来声明数组,另一种方法是直接为数组元素赋值的方法来声明数组。
利用array()声明函数的方法如下:
array([mixed]…)
参数mixed的语法为key =>value ,多个参数mixed间用逗号分开,分别定义了索引和值。索引值可以是字符串或数字。如果省略了索引,则会自动产生从0开始的整数索引。
利用array()声明数组代码如下:
<?php $array = array("Jack","Bruce","hero"); print_r($array); ?>
运行结果如下:
一维数组
当一个数组的元素是变量时,则称这个数组为一位数组。一维数组是最普通的数组,它只保存一列内容。
二维数组
一个数组的元素如果是一维数组,则称这个数组是二维数组。
下面用具体的实例来声明一个二维数组,代码如下:
<?php $array =array("老师"=>array("男老师","女老师"),"动物"=>array("哺乳动物","鸟类","鱼类")); print_r($array); ?>
运行结果如下:
遍历数组
使用foreach结构遍历数组。foreach结构并非对数组结构本身操作,而是对数组的一个备份进行操作。
利用foreach结构对数组进行遍历的代码如下:
<?php $array =array('jack'=>'jack is a teacher', 'Lisa'=>'Lisa is an actress', 'Fits'=>'Fits is a scientist' ); foreach($array as $value){ echo $value."\n"; } ?>
运行结果如下:

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