Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP: CGI,FASTCGI,php-fpm,mod_php,mod_cgi,mod_fcgid 解释

PHP: CGI,FASTCGI,php-fpm,mod_php,mod_cgi,mod_fcgid 解释

Jun 23, 2016 pm 01:44 PM
fastcgi php-fpm

有些常用概念不注意的时候会有所混淆,简略罗列下。


1. CGI是通用网关接口,HTTP服务器使用这样的接口程序来和其他应用(比如PHP的解释器程序)通讯,由于CGI采用fork and execution方式,

每次请求都需要新建立CGI程序来进行处理,这样导致性能低下。


2. FASTCGI是常驻内存的CGI,实际上是对CGI程序的进程管理,通过master进程接受请求,分发给worker进程,并可以prefork worker进程,减少CGI进程创建、初始化和销毁的开销,从而提高性能。


3. mod_php是apache的内置php解释模块,使用prefork方式,不需要额外的进程来做通讯和应用解释,显然mod_php比mod_cgi这样方式性能要好得多,但缺点是把应用和HTTP服务器绑定在了一起,另外每个Apache进程都需要加载mod_php而不论这个请求是处理静态内容还是动态内容,这样导致浪费内存,效率下降,此外php.ini文件的变更需要重新启动apache服务器才能生效,这使得无法进行平滑配置变更。


4. php-fpm是常和nginx搭配使用的程序,php-fpm实际上就是对FASTCGI协议的一个加强实现,已经被纳入PHP内核,可以通过--enable-fpm编译选项来启用,php-fpm支持配置的平滑变更(通过fork新的worker进程),性能好,内存使用效率高,这也是为什么nginx+php-fpm的配置组合会替代apache+mod_cgi以及apache+mod_php的重要原因。


5. mod_fcgid是apache的fastcgi实现,性能也很好,在apache的2.4以后的版本中得到支持。


参考阅读:

http://httpd.apache.org/mod_fcgid/

http://www.openlogic.com/wazi/bid/209956/mod_php-vs-FastCGI-vs-PHP-FPM-for-Web-Server-Scripting

http://www.eschrade.com/page/why-is-fastcgi-w-nginx-so-much-faster-than-apache-w-mod_php/

http://serverfault.com/questions/6733/php-what-are-the-advantages-of-fastcgi-over-mod-php

by cstopery

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