一个简单的开源PHP爬虫框架『Phpfetcher』
这篇文章首发在吹水小镇：http://blog.reetsee.com/archives/366
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export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
0 背景
背景是这样的目前 吹水新闻（ http://news.reetsee.com）下的内容全部由Python的爬虫抓取，使用的框架是Python的 Scrapy，而吹水新闻目前是运行在 BAE（百度应用引擎）下的，每个月还需要交钱。目前我的想法是把吹水新闻完全迁移到目前这台阿里云主机上，并且原本的新闻我每天都手动执行一次脚本来抓取再更新到网站，等迁移到这里后就能直接使用Crontab定时脚本自动更新新闻了！最近工作都在用 PHP，开发网站的新页面要PHP，直接读写数据库也能用PHP，那么就直接用PHP重构新闻网站好了。准备开干的时候却发现没找到一个好的PHP爬虫框架（可能是我没仔细找），于是就打算自己写一个，因此就有了这个Phpfetcher。名字起得略好……但是代码写得略搓……不管怎么样，目前基本可以用，而且应该能满足不少简单的需求，下面就是使用示例。1 基本概念
在Phpfetcher中有四个主要的对象，依次是：Dom，Page，Crawler，Manager。2 简单例子
****** 实例1：single_page.php ******例如我们要抓取这个网站的内容： http://news.qq.com/a/20140927/026557.htm里面有很多超链接，有标题，有新闻详细内容，或者其它我们关心的内容。先看一下下面的例子：<?phprequire_once('phpfetcher.php');class mycrawler extends Phpfetcher_Crawler_Default { public function handlePage($page) { //打印处当前页面的title $res = $page->sel('//title'); for ($i = 0; $i < count($res); ++$i) { echo $res[$i]->plaintext; echo "\n"; } }}$crawler = new mycrawler();$arrJobs = array( //任务的名字随便起，这里把名字叫qqnews //the key is the name of a job, here names it qqnews 'qqnews' => array( 'start_page' => 'http://news.qq.com/a/20140927/026557.htm', //起始网页 'link_rules' => array( /* * 所有在这里列出的正则规则，只要能匹配到超链接，那么那条爬虫就会爬到那条超链接 * Regex rules are listed here, the crawler will follow any hyperlinks once the regex matches */ ), //爬虫从开始页面算起，最多爬取的深度，设置为1表示只爬取起始页面 //Crawler's max following depth, 1 stands for only crawl the start page 'max_depth' => 1, ) , );//$crawler->setFetchJobs($arrJobs)->run(); 这一行的效果和下面两行的效果一样$crawler->setFetchJobs($arrJobs);$crawler->run();[root@reetsee demo]# php single_page.php 王思聪回应遭警方调查：带弓箭不犯法 我是绿箭侠_新闻_腾讯网
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312"></meta> <meta charset="gb2312"></meta> <title> 王思聪回应遭警方调查：带弓箭不犯法 我是绿箭侠_新闻_腾讯网 </title>
<?php//下面两行使得这个项目被下载下来后本文件能直接运行$demo_include_path = dirname(__FILE__) . '/../';set_include_path(get_include_path() . PATH_SEPARATOR . $demo_include_path);require_once('phpfetcher.php');class mycrawler extends Phpfetcher_Crawler_Default { public function handlePage($page) { //打印处当前页面的第1个h1标题内荣（下标从0开始） $strFirstH1 = trim($page->sel('//h1', 0)->plaintext); if (!empty($strFirstH1)) { echo $page->sel('//h1', 0)->plaintext; echo "\n"; } }}$crawler = new mycrawler();$arrJobs = array( //任务的名字随便起，这里把名字叫qqnews //the key is the name of a job, here names it qqnews 'qqnews' => array( 'start_page' => 'http://news.qq.com', //起始网页 'link_rules' => array( /* * 所有在这里列出的正则规则，只要能匹配到超链接，那么那条爬虫就会爬到那条超链接 * Regex rules are listed here, the crawler will follow any hyperlinks once the regex matches */ '#news\.qq\.com/a/\d+/\d+\.htm$#', ), //爬虫从开始页面算起，最多爬取的深度，设置为2表示爬取深度为1 //Crawler's max following depth, 1 stands for only crawl the start page 'max_depth' => 2, ) , );$crawler->setFetchJobs($arrJobs)->run(); //这一行的效果和下面两行的效果一样//$crawler->setFetchJobs($arrJobs);//$crawler->run();3 后话
实际上这个phpfetcher目前还有很多问题，性能应该是比较差的，不过毕竟也是我写的第一个框架。另外是关于phpfetcher我有很多东西还没有提到，例如Page对象的一些设置，Crawler对象的设置等，主要是目前太过懒不想写文档，也不知道有没有必要写。我感觉这个框架还是蛮简单的，里面主要的函数我都做了详细的注释，欢迎阅读批评指正给建议！最后就是，如果你想写个爬虫，又想用PHP来写，不妨试一下phpfetcher。 祝大家国庆节快乐~！
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