[php learn] php 从头开始学习1-PHP Tutorial-php.cn

[php learn] php 从头开始学习1

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Release： 2016-06-23 13:53:03

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前言：大概在2006年的时候，学习过一段时间的php，并且当时做了一个下载的网站，后来由于读研究生阶段用的是java、j2ee相关，所以php就搁浅掉了，php这些年也发生了很大的变化，最大一个变化是支持面向对象了。

现在由于需要php做些东西，再次学习，从头开始！

Local和Global作用域：

函数之外声明的变量拥有global作用域，只能在函数之外访问

PHP global关键字

global关键字用与访问函数外的全局变量

$x=5;

$y=10;

function myTest()

{

global $x,$y;

$y=$x+$y;

}

myTest();

echo $y;

PHP同时在名为$GLOBALS[index]的数组中存储了所有的全局变量。下标存为变量名，这个数组在函数内也可以访问，并且能够用于直接更新全局变量。

上面的例子可以重写为：

$x=5;

$y=10;

function myTest()

{

$GLOBALS['y']=$GLOBALS['x']+$GLOBALS['y'];

}

myTest();

echo $y;

echo 和 print 之间的差异：

echo - 能够输出一个以上的字符串

print - 只能输出一个字符串，并始终返回 1

var_dump()函数会返回变量的数据类型和值。

设置 PHP 常量

如需设置常量，请使用 define() 函数 - 它使用三个参数：

首个参数定义常量的名称
第二个参数定义常量的值
可选的第三个参数规定常量名是否对大小写敏感。默认是 false。

<?phpdefine ("GREETING", "Welcome to W3School.com.cn!");echo GREETING;?>

Copy after login

常量输出不用带$

运算符名称例子结果

==	等于	$x == $y	如果 $x 等于 $y，则返回 true。
===	全等（完全相同）	$x === $y	如果 $x 等于 $y，且它们类型相同，则返回 true。
!=	不等于	$x != $y	如果 $x 不等于 $y，则返回 true。
	不等于	$x $y	如果 $x 不等于 $y，则返回 true。
!==	不全等（完全不同）	$x !== $y	如果 $x 不等于 $y，且它们类型不相同，则返回 true。
>	大于	$x > $y	如果 $x 大于 $y，则返回 true。
	大于	$x	如果 $x 小于 $y，则返回 true。
>=	大于或等于	$x >= $y	如果 $x 大于或者等于 $y，则返回 true.
	小于或等于	$x	如果 $x 小于或者等于 $y，则返回 true。

数组：

#array
$car=array("Volvo","BWM","Jeep");
var_dump($car);

结果：

array(3) { [0]=> string(5) "Volvo" [1]=> string(3) "BWM" [2]=> string(4) "Jeep" }

foreach:

Syntax

foreach ($ array as $ value) {
code to be executed;
}

Example

$colors = array("red","green","blue","yellow");

foreach ($colors as $value) {
echo "$value
";
}
?>

PHP Global Variables - Superglobals

Several predefined variables in PHP are "superglobals", which means that they are always accessible, regardless of scope - and you can access them from any function, class or file without having to do anything special.

The PHP superglobal variables are:

$GLOBALS

$_SERVER

$_REQUEST

$_POST

$_GET

$_FILES

$_ENV

$_COOKIE

$_SESSION

$_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']:

HTTP Referer是header的一部分，当浏览器向web服务器发送请求的时候，一般会带上Referer，告诉服务器我是从哪个页面链接过来的，服务器籍此可以获得一些信息用于处理。

Element/Code Description

$_SERVER['PHP_SELF']	Returns the filename of the currently executing script
$_SERVER['GATEWAY_INTERFACE']	Returns the version of the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) the server is using
$_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR']	Returns the IP address of the host server
$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']	Returns the name of the host server (such as www.w3schools.com)
$_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE']	Returns the server identification string (such as Apache/2.2.24)
$_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']	Returns the name and revision of the information protocol (such as HTTP/1.1)
$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']	Returns the request method used to access the page (such as POST)
$_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME']	Returns the timestamp of the start of the request (such as 1377687496)
$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']	Returns the query string if the page is accessed via a query string
$_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT']	Returns the Accept header from the current request
$_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET']	Returns the Accept_Charset header from the current request (such as utf-8,ISO-8859-1)
$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']	Returns the Host header from the current request
$_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']	Returns the complete URL of the current page (not reliable because not all user-agents support it)
$_SERVER['HTTPS']	Is the script queried through a secure HTTP protocol
$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']	Returns the IP address from where the user is viewing the current page
$_SERVER['REMOTE_HOST']	Returns the Host name from where the user is viewing the current page
$_SERVER['REMOTE_PORT']	Returns the port being used on the user's machine to communicate with the web server
$_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']	Returns the absolute pathname of the currently executing script
$_SERVER['SERVER_ADMIN']	Returns the value given to the SERVER_ADMIN directive in the web server configuration file (if your script runs on a virtual host, it will be the value defined for that virtual host) (such as someone@w3schools.com)
$_SERVER['SERVER_PORT']	Returns the port on the server machine being used by the web server for communication (such as 80)
$_SERVER['SERVER_SIGNATURE']	Returns the server version and virtual host name which are added to server-generated pages
$_SERVER['PATH_TRANSLATED']	Returns the file system based path to the current script
$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']	Returns the path of the current script
$_SERVER['SCRIPT_URI']	Returns the URI of the current page