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php学习之道:php中iconv函数 详解

Jun 23, 2016 pm 01:54 PM
php function study Detailed explanation

iconv函数库能够完成各种字符集间的转换,是php编程中不可缺少的基础函数库。

用法如下:

$string = "亲爱的朋友欢迎访问胡文芳的博客,希望给您带来一点点的帮助!";

iconv("utf8","gbk",$string)//将字符串string  编码由utf8转变成gbk;


扩展如下:

echo $str= '你好,欢迎访问胡文芳的博客,该博客记录一个程序员的成长过程!';
echo '
';
echo iconv('GB2312', 'UTF-8', $str); //将字符串的编码从GB2312转到UTF-8
echo '
';
echo iconv_substr($str, 1, 1, 'UTF-8'); //按字符个数截取而非字节
print_r(iconv_get_encoding()); //得到当前页面编码信息
echo iconv_strlen($str, 'UTF-8'); //得到设定编码的字符串长度
//也有这样用的
$content = iconv("UTF-8","gbk//TRANSLIT",$content);

详细出处参考:http://www.jb51.net/article/14530.htm

 

备注:

1、iconv不是php的默认函数,也是默认安装的模块。需要安装才能用的。
如果是windows2000+php,你可以修改php.ini文件,将extension=php_iconv.dll前的";"去掉,同时你要copy你的原php安装文件下的iconv.dll到你的winnt/system32下(如果你的dll指向的是这个目录,我本地的没有操作这一步)
在linux环境下,用静态安装的方式,在configure时加多一项 --with-iconv就可以了,phpinfo看得到iconv的项。(Linux7.3+Apache4.06+php4.3.2);

到此php中的iconv 介绍完毕

2、用iconv函数把抓取来过的utf-8编码的页面转成gb2312, 发现只有用iconv函数把抓取过来的数据一转码数据就会无缘无故的少一些。原因是这样的:

string iconv ( string in_charset, string out_charset, string str )
注意:第二个参数,除了可以指定要转化到的编码以外,还可以增加两个后缀://TRANSLIT 和 //IGNORE,其中 //TRANSLIT 会自动将不能直接转化的字符变成一个或多个近似的字符,//IGNORE 会忽略掉不能转化的字符,而默认效果是从第一个非法字符截断。 被截断了,当然就会少了;

可以这样修改iconv("UTF-8","GB2312//IGNORE",$string)  会忽略掉不能转化的字符;

 

附加:

PHP中的mb_convert_encoding与iconv函数介绍

mb_convert_encoding这个函数是用来转换编码的,和iconv函数差不多。

英文一般不会存在编码问题,只有中文数据才会有这个问题。比如你用Zend Studio或Editplus写程序时,用的是gbk编码,如果数据需要入数据库,而数据库的编码为utf8时,这时就要把数据进行编码转换,不然进到数据库就会变成乱码。

mb_convert_encoding的用法见官方:
http://cn.php.net/manual/zh/function.mb-convert-encoding.php

做一个GBK To UTF-8
header("content-Type: text/html; charset=Utf-8"); //设置字符的编码是utp-8
echo mb_convert_encoding("??我的友仔", "UTF-8", "GBK");
?>

再来个GB2312 To Big5
header("content-Type: text/html; charset=big5");
echo mb_convert_encoding("你是我的朋友", "big5", "GB2312");
?>
不过要使用上面的函数需要安装但是需要先enable mbstring 扩展库,道理还是一样的,修改php.ini。

PHP中的另外一个函数iconv也是用来转换字符串编码的,与上函数功能相似。

下面还有一些详细的例子:
iconv ? Convert string to requested character encoding
(PHP 4 >= 4.0.5, PHP 5)
mb_convert_encoding ? Convert character encoding
(PHP 4 >= 4.0.6, PHP 5)

用法:
string mb_convert_encoding ( string str, string to_encoding [, mixed from_encoding] )
需要先enable mbstring 扩展库,在 php.ini里将; extension=php_mbstring.dll 前面的 ; 去掉
mb_convert_encoding 可以指定多种输入编码,它会根据内容自动识别,但是执行效率比iconv差太多,那为何还要讲解 这个 mb_convert_encoding()函数呢?答案如下:


发现iconv在转换字符”?”到gb2312时会出错,如果没有ignore参数,所有该字符后面的字符串都无法被保存。不管怎么样,这个”?”都无法转换成功,无法输出。 另外mb_convert_encoding没有这个bug.

一般情况下用 iconv,只有当遇到无法确定原编码是何种编码,或者iconv转化后无法正常显示时才用mb_convert_encoding 函数.

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