PHP中的Magic Method
1. __construct()和__destruct()
在实例被 创建/销毁 的时候被调用,都可以传递0个或多个参数。
class A { function A() { echo "build A"; } function __destruct() { echo "destroy A"; } } $obj = new A(); //unset($obj);
Note:The destructor method will be called as soon as there are no other references to a particular object, or in any order during the shutdown sequence.
关于构造函数,PHP5.3.3开始,一个定义在某个特定的命名空间里的class中以类名命名的方法将不再被认为是构造函数。在无命名空间的类中与原来一样依旧是构造函数。如:
namespace Foo;class Bar { public function Bar() { // treated as constructor in PHP 5.3.0-5.3.2 // treated as regular method as of PHP 5.3.3 }}
如果没有namespace Foo; 那么Bar()还将被当作构造函数。另外,如果存在下面的情况:
function __construct() { echo "construct A"; } function A() { echo "build A"; } function __destruct() { echo "destroy A"; } }
即既包含__construct()又包含与类名同名的函数,那么将只调用__construct()。
2. __call()和__callStatic()
当尝试调用一个不存在的方法时调用该方法。两个参数,一个是方法名,一个是被调用方法的参数数组。
class MethodTest{ public function __call($name, $arguments) { // Note: value of $name is case sensitive. echo "Calling object method '$name' " . implode(' ', $arguments). "<br>"; } public static function __callStatic($name, $arguments) { // Note: value of $name is case sensitive. echo "Calling static method '$name' " . implode(' ', $arguments). "<br>"; }}$obj = new MethodTest;$obj->runTest('in','object','context');MethodTest::runTest('in','static','context');
其中,$arguments作为一个array传入。运行结果:
Calling object method 'runTest' in object contextCalling static method 'runTest' in static context
还要注意函数的作用域protected和private:
class TestMagicCallMethod { public function foo() { echo __METHOD__.PHP_EOL."<br>"; } public function __call($method, $args) { echo __METHOD__.PHP_EOL."<br>"; if(method_exists($this, $method)) { $this->$method(); } } protected function bar() { echo __METHOD__.PHP_EOL."<br>"; } private function baz() { echo __METHOD__.PHP_EOL."<br>"; }}$test = new TestMagicCallMethod();$test->foo();/** * Outputs: * TestMagicCallMethod::foo */$test->bar();/** * Outputs: * TestMagicCallMethod::__call * TestMagicCallMethod::bar */$test->baz();/** * Outputs: * TestMagicCallMethod::__call * TestMagicCallMethod::baz */
3.__get()和__set()
当试图读取一个对象并不存在的属性的时候被调用。
Note:我们可以用这个函数实现类似java中反射的各种操作。
class Test{ public function __get($key) { echo $key . " not exists"; } public function __set($key,$value) { echo $key . " = ".$value; }}$t = new Test();echo $t->name."<br>";$t->name = "abc";输出:name not existsname = abc
4. __toString()
这个方法类似于java的toString()方法,当我们直接打印对象的时候回调用这个函数,函数必须返回一个string。
class Test{ private $name = "abc"; private $age = 12; public function __toString() { return "name : $this->name, age : $this->age"; }}$t = new Test();echo $t;输出:name : abc, age : 12
还有__isset(), __unset(), __sleep(), __wakeup(), __toString(), __invoke(), __set_state() and __clone()就不一一赘述。

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