php 常用判断
介绍一些PHP判断变量的函数
2010-07-31
与其他语言不同,PHP不是一种严格的类型语言。基本上,这意味着开发者在使用一个变量前,不必明确地设定这个变量的类型(数字、字符串、布尔值)。相反,PHP解释程序根据存储在变量中的信息自动探测变量的类型。
虽然这一特点使用PHP编程非常容易,但它也存在一个重要的缺陷:当你需要测试一个变量的类型时,处理类型比较松散的语言就让人有些迷惑。幸运地是,PHP的开发者注意到这一情况,因此在其中包含了一个函数工具包,特别用它来测试变量并查明它们属于哪个特定的字符类别??也就是说,它们是否包含字符串、整数、对象或布尔值。
下面列出了这一类别中较为有用的函数,并提供说明与应用实例。
empty($var)这个函数用来检查变量是否为空(没有值或零值)。用此函数来检查用户输入,例如,表格变量。保证它们包含有效数据。
view source print ?
1 |
2 | // returns false |
3 | $var = "hello"; |
4 | echo empty($var) ? "true" : "false"; |
5 | // returns true |
6 | $var = 0000; |
7 | echo empty ($var) ? "true" : "false"; |
8 | ?> |
这个函数返回变量的类型。例如,"字符串"、"整数"、"布尔值"、"浮点值"等。在把变量插入严格类型的数据库域前,一般用此函数来验证变量是否为你期待的类型。
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1 |
2 | // returns string |
3 | $var = "hello"; |
4 | echo gettype($var); |
5 | //returns double |
6 | $var = 1000.56; |
7 | echo gettype($var); |
8 | ?> |
这个函数测试一个变量看它是否包含一个布尔值(真/假)。用此函数检查变量是否为布尔变量。
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1 |
2 | // returns true |
3 | $var = false; |
4 | echo is_bool($var) ? "true" : "false"; |
5 | ?> |
这个函数测试一个变量是否为字符串变量。用此函数检查一个变量是否包含字符串数据。
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1 |
2 | // returns true |
3 | $var = "exception"; |
4 | echo is_string($var) ? "true" : "false"; |
5 | // returns true |
6 | $var = "88408"; |
7 | echo is_string($var) ? "true" : "false"; |
8 | ?> |
这个函数测试一个变量看它是否包含一个数字或数字字符串(字符串包括一个符号、数字与小数点)。在将变量用于计算前,用此函数来验证它是否包含一个数字。
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1 |
2 | // returns true |
3 | $var = "+99.766"; |
4 | echo is_numeric($var) ? "true" : "false"; |
5 | // returns false |
6 | $var = "b00"; |
7 | echo is_numeric($var) ? "true" : "false"; |
8 | ?> |
这个函数测试一个变量看它是一个PHP相关或是数字顺序索引数组。在循环中进行处理前,用此函数来检查变量是否为一个数组。
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1 |
2 | // returns true |
3 | $var = array("tiger", "lion", "zebra"); |
4 | echo is_array($var) ? "true" : "false"; |
5 | // returns false |
6 | $var = "zebra"; |
7 | echo is_array($var) ? "true" : "false"; |
8 | ?> |
这个函数测试一个变量看它是否为NULL。在评估由SQL查询返回的数据时,用此函数来检查一个变量是否为NULL。
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1 |
2 | // returns false |
3 | $var = "aa"; |
4 | echo is_null($var) ? "true" : "false"; |
5 | // returns true |
6 | $var = null; |
7 | echo is_null($var) ? "true" : "false"; |
8 | ?> |
这个函数测试一个变量看它是否为一个PHP对象。在调用一个方法或访问属性前,一般用此函数来测试变量是否为PHP对象。
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1 |
2 | // returns false |
3 | $var = "exception"; |
4 | echo is_object($var) ? "true" : "false"; |
5 | // returns true |
6 | $var = new Exception; |
7 | echo is_object($var) ? "true" : "false"; |
8 | ?> |
这个函数测试一个变量看它是否已被定义。在评估表格提交的结果时,一般用此函数来测试一个变量是否被定义。
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1 |
2 | // returns true |
3 | $var = "yes"; |
4 | echo isset($var) ? "true" : "false"; |
5 | // returns false |
6 | echo isset($test) ? "true" : "false"; |
7 | ?> |
这个函数打印一个变量的内容。用此函数来"窥探"一个变量,特别是在调试一个脚本时。
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1 |
2 | $var = array("one", "two", array("red", "green"), new Exception, 467); |
3 | print_r($var); |
4 | ?> |

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