PHP 和 AJAX Live Search
AJAX 可为用户提供更友好、交互性更强的搜索体验。
AJAX Live Search
在下面的 AJAX 例子中，我们将演示一个实时的搜索。
实时的搜索与传统搜索相比，具有很多优势：
当键入数据时，就会显示出匹配的结果 当继续键入数据时，对结果进行过滤 如果结果太少，删除字符就可以获得更宽的范围在下面的文本框中搜索 W3School 的页面
本例包括四个元素：
简单的 HTML 表单 JavaScript PHP 页面 XML 文档在本例中，结果在一个 XML 文档 (links.xml) 中进行查找。为了让这个例子小而简单，我们只提供 8 个结果。
HTML 表单
这是 HTML 页面。它包含一个简单的 HTML 表单，针对此表单的 CSS 样式，以及指向 JavaScript 的链接：
<html><head><script src="livesearch.js"></script> <style type="text/css"> #livesearch { margin:0px; width:194px; }#txt1 { margin:0px; } </style></head><body><form><input type="text" id="txt1" size="30"onkeyup="showResult(this.value)"><div id="livesearch"></div></form></body></html>正如你看到的，HTML 页面包含一个简单的 HTML 表单，其中的文本框名为 "txt1"。
表单是这样工作的：
当用户在文本框中按键并松开按键时，会触发一个事件 当事件触发时，会执行名为 showResult() 的函数 表单下面是名为 "livesearch" 的JavaScript
JavaScript 代码存储在与 HTML 文档连接的 "livesearch.js" 中：
var xmlHttpfunction showResult(str){if (str.length==0) { document.getElementById("livesearch"). innerHTML=""; document.getElementById("livesearch"). style.border="0px"; return }xmlHttp=GetXmlHttpObject()if (xmlHttp==null) { alert ("Browser does not support HTTP Request") return }var url="livesearch.php"url=url+"?q="+strurl=url+"&sid="+Math.random()xmlHttp.onreadystatechange=stateChanged xmlHttp.open("GET",url,true)xmlHttp.send(null)} function stateChanged() { if (xmlHttp.readyState==4 || xmlHttp.readyState=="complete") { document.getElementById("livesearch"). innerHTML=xmlHttp.responseText; document.getElementById("livesearch"). style.border="1px solid #A5ACB2"; } }function GetXmlHttpObject(){var xmlHttp=null;try { // Firefox, Opera 8.0+, Safari xmlHttp=new XMLHttpRequest(); }catch (e) { // Internet Explorer try { xmlHttp=new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch (e) { xmlHttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } }return xmlHttp;}GetXmlHttpObject 与 PHP 和 AJAX 请求 中的例子相同。
showResult() 函数该函数每当一个字符输入文本框就会执行一次。
如果文本域中没有输入 (str.length == 0)，该函数把返回字段设置为空，并删除周围的任何边框。
不过，如果文本域中存在输入，则函数执行：
定义发送到服务器的 url （文件名） 把带有输入框内容的参数 (q) 添加到 url 添加一个随机数，以防止服务器使用缓存文件 调用 GetXmlHttpObject 函数来创建 XMLHTTP 对象，并在触发一个变化时告知此函数执行名为 stateChanged 的一个函数 使用给定的 url 来打开 XMLHTTP 对象 向服务器发送 HTTP 请求 stateChanged() 函数每当 XMLHTTP 对象的状态发生变化时，该函数就会执行。
当状态变为 4 (或 "complete") 时，就会使用响应文本来填充 txtHint 占位符的内容，并在返回字段周围设置一个边框。
PHP 页面
由 JavaScript 代码调用的服务器页面是名为 "livesearch.php" 的 PHP 文件。
"livesearch.php" 中的代码检查那个 XML 文档 "links.xml"。该文档 w3school.com.cn 上的一些页面的标题和 URL。
这些代码会搜索 XML 文件中匹配搜索字符串的标题，并以 HTML 返回结果：
<?php$xmlDoc = new DOMDocument();$xmlDoc->load("links.xml");$x=$xmlDoc->getElementsByTagName('link');//get the q parameter from URL$q=$_GET["q"];//lookup all links from the xml file if length of q>0if (strlen($q) > 0){$hint="";for($i=0; $i<($x->length); $i++) { $y=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName('title'); $z=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName('url'); if ($y->item(0)->nodeType==1) { //find a link matching the search text if (stristr($y->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue,$q)) { if ($hint=="") { $hint="<a href='" . $z->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue . "' target='_blank'>" . $y->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue . "</a>"; } else { $hint=$hint . "<br /><a href='" . $z->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue . "' target='_blank'>" . $y->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue . "</a>"; } } } }}// Set output to "no suggestion" if no hint were found// or to the correct valuesif ($hint == "") { $response="no suggestion"; }else { $response=$hint; } //output the responseecho $response;?>如果从 JavaScript 送来了任何文本 (strlen($q) > 0)，会发生：
PHP 创建 "links.xml" 文件的一个 XML DOM 对象 遍历所有 "title" 元素 (nodetypes = 1)，以便找到匹配 JavaScript 所传数据的 name 找到包含正确 title 的 link，并设置为 "$response" 变量。如果找到多于一个匹配，所有的匹配都会添加到变量 如果没有找到匹配，则把 $response 变量设置为 "no suggestion" $result 是送往 "livesearch" 占位符的输出
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