Cake PHP framework [转]
发布时间:2005-10-19
这是一个基于 PHP 的 framework 。它的作者称 Cake PHP framework 的设计思想源自 37signals 的 Ruby on Rails ,一个最近非常的 Ruby 框架
类似于 Ruby on Rails ,它封装了数据库连接,模板,及生成链接。最大的特点就是数据操作,不用自己再写多少代码。和 Ruby on Rails 类似,它生成一个数据表的操作最少只要一行代码。 Cake PHP framework 还有很大的一个优点就是它是一个轻量级的框架,虽然第一次看来会觉得很神奇,但是仔细看它的代码也很好懂而且也没什么特殊之处,但其开发使用方式确实很独特,实用,高效。如果是作基于数据库的 PHP 系统,这是一个很值得考虑的选择 。
看一下 Cake Tutorial 就能了解用 Cake PHP framework 建立一个 Web Application 是如何的快速方便了。它介绍了如何快速地建立一个 blog 程序的例子,几分钟就能搞定。
越来越发现 PHP 世界的有趣,哈哈。
载Download
下载最新的Cake 包并解压缩到你的Web服务器的DOCUMENT_ROOT下(因为本文是指南的缘故,我假设他可以从http://localhost/cake/ 下访问)。你可以看到基本的目录结构。
创建数据库
创建一个用来存放Blog帖子的表格,并且初始化一些数据。以下是SQL语句:
CREATE TABLE posts (
id INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
title VARCHAR(50),
body TEXT,
created DATETIME DEFAULT NULL,
updated DATETIME DEFAULT NULL
);
INSERT INTO posts (title,body,created)
VALUES ('The title', 'This is the post body.', NOW());
INSERT INTO posts (title,body,created)
VALUES ('A title once again', 'And the post body follows.', NOW());
INSERT INTO posts (title,body,created)
VALUES ('Title strikes back', 'This is really exciting! Not.', NOW());
注意表名称是复数形式, 这是Cake使用的所有表格的默认形式。还有,id、created、updated字段是有特殊含义的,等一会儿你就会发现。也就是说现在你不应该更改他们的名字。
配置Cake的数据库设置
若要配置数据库访问,我们编辑 config/database.php.default (他应该是自己包含说明的), 并将它保存为config/database.php. 如果config/database.php 不存在,Cake仍会运行,并且不使用数据库访问。
创建一个模型类 (MVC中的Model)
现在给帖子表格posts创建一个模型类,新建 app/models/post.php包含以下内容 :
app/models/post.php
class Post extends AppModel
{
}
?>
这已经足以使Cake来关注这个模型了,载入、并把它和数据库表格连接在一起。注意:模型类的类名是单数形式。坚持命名约定十分重要,因为如果不这样,Cake就不会自动运行。默认情况下,模型类和数据库表使用同一个单词而前者以单数形式,后者是复数形式。
建立一个控制器助手类s
新建一个控制器助手类。把下面的内容放在 app/helpers/posts_helper.php中:
app/helpers/posts_helper.php
class PostsHelper extends AppController
{
}
?>
创建一个控制器类 (Controller)
新建一个控制器类. 把下面的内容放在 app/controllers/posts_controller.php中:
app/controllers/posts_controller.php
class PostsController extends PostsHelper
{
}
?>
控制器已经准备好了,这是我们需要在他里面添上行为(Action)来对存储的数据进行操作。添加一个方法到 PostsController 类中 :
app/controllers/posts_controller.php
class PostsController extends PostsHelper
{
function index()
{
}
}
?>
PostsController::index() 不需要其他内容了,除了需要一个模版(在Cake中称之为视图“View”)。
建立一个视图 (View)
把下面的代码放入 app/views/posts/index.thtml:
Blog posts
Id | Title | Created |
---|---|---|
linkTo($post['title'], "/posts/view/{$post['id']}")?> |
这应该可以正确运行,我们来测试一下。我假设你可以通过浏览http://localhost/cake/ 来得到Cake目录,这样测试一下我们的新控制器,它指向http://localhost/cake/posts/index 。你会(希望如此)看到类似于下面的一些东西:
Blog posts
ID Title Created
1 The title 2005-07-03 10:52:21
2 A title once again 2005-07-03 10:52:34
3 Title strikes back 2005-07-03 10:52:43
为什么我没看到呢??
如果你遇到了一个页面,上面说“not Found: The requested URL /posts/index was not found on this server,”你可能要使用 http://localhost/cake/index.php?url=posts 来访问 . 很明显,这很不美观。如果你遇到了一个页面上说“Fatal error: Call to a member function on a non-object ...”那么你可能要检查一下你的配置内容,有没有把config/database.php.default 改名为config/database.php. 参见 Blog指南中的故障及解决方法。
我们现在做了些什么?
让我们回顾一下。我们创建了数据库表posts,一个模型类Post,一个控制器PostsController 和他的index()方法,还有一个视图文件app/views/posts/index.thtml。我觉得他一点也不困难。让我们继续吧。
帖子标题是连接到/cake/posts/view/[post_id]的. 让我们点击它。
Missing action
You are seeing this error because the action is not defined in controller Posts
Notice: this error is being rendered by the app/views/errors/missing_action.thtml view file,
a user-customizable error page for handling invalid action dispatches.
Error: Unable to execute action on Posts
噢~,对了,我们忘记添加PostsController::view()行为了。让我们现在完成它:
app/controllers/posts_controller.php
class PostsController extends PostsHelper
{
function index()
{
}
function view($id)
{
$this->models['post']->setId($id);
$this->set('data', $this->models['post']->read());
}
}
?>
还有视图文件:
app/views/posts/view.thtml
Created:
回到浏览器,刷新,看到:
The title
Created: 2005-07-04 03:31:47
This is the post body.
成功了!
添加功能
在指南的第一部分之后,我们有了一个帖子的列表,同时我们可以查看帖子了。当我们完成了第二部分,我们可以:
添加一个新的帖子。
删除不要的帖子。
编辑存在的帖子。
添加一个新的帖子
添加一个新的帖子:
app/controllers/posts_controller.php
class PostsController extends PostsHelper
{
function index()
{
}
function view($id)
{
$this->models['post']->setId($id);
$this->set('data', $this->models['post']->read());
}
function add()
{
if (empty($this->params['data']))
{
$this->render();
}
else
{
if ($this->models['post']->save($this->params['data']))
{
$this->flash('Your post has been saved.','/posts');
}
else
{
$this->set('data', $this->params['data']);
$this->validateErrors($this->models['post']);
$this->render();
}
}
}
}
?>
同时行为的模版文件是:
app/views/posts/add.thtml
Add post to blog
formTag('/posts/add')?>
Title: inputTag('post/title', 40)?> tagErrorMsg('post/title', 'Title is required.') ?>
Body: areaTag('body') ?> tagErrorMsg('post/body', 'Body is required.') ?>
submitTag('Save') ?>
现在你可以通过地址"/cake/posts/add"来访问 add 页面page at the address "/cake/posts/add", 或者,我们可以在索引页面的底部放上一个快捷的“Add new post”连接:
app/views/posts/index.thtml
Blog posts
Id | Title | Created |
---|---|---|
linkTo($post['title'], "/posts/view/{$post['id']}")?> |
linkTo('Add new post', '/posts/add') ?>
现在让我们试试添加一些帖子。
像我这样没规矩的,添加了一个没有标题的帖子。当然,我们可以通过数据有效性检验(Data Validation)来避免这种不正确的行为。
数据有效性
数据有效性规则是放在数据模型中的。
app/models/post.php
class Post extends AppModel
{
var $validate = array(
'title'=>VALID_NOT_EMPTY,
'body'=>VALID_NOT_EMPTY);
}
?>
了解API文档中更多关于有效检验器的内容。
删除一个帖子
app/controllers/posts_controller.php
class PostsController extends PostsHelper
{
function index()
{
}
function view($id)
{
$this->models['post']->setId($id);
$this->set('data', $this->models['post']->read());
}
function add()
{
if (empty($this->params['data']))
{
$this->render();
}
else
{
if ($this->models['post']->save($this->params['data']))
{
$this->flash('Your post has been saved.','/posts');
}
else
{
$this->set('data', $this->params['data']);
$this->validateErrors($this->models['post']);
$this->render();
}
}
}
function delete($id)
{
if ($this->models['post']->del($id))
{
$this->flash('The post with id: '.$id.' has been deleted.', '/posts');
}
}
}
?>
delete 行为没有模版。在成功删除之后,我们只要显示一个快捷消息(所谓的“flash”),然后转回索引页面。
现在我们添加一个删除行为的连接到每一个blog帖子的视图中:
app/views/posts/index.thtml
Blog posts
Id | Title | Created |
---|---|---|
linkTo($post['title'], "/posts/view/{$post['id']}")?> linkTo('Delete',"/posts/delete/{$post['id']}", null, "Are you sure you want to delete post entitled \'{$post['title']}\'?")?> |
linkTo('Add new post', '/posts/add') ?>
在完成它之后,我们就可以删除那些空白标题的帖子了。
编辑帖子
app/controllers/posts_controller.php
class PostsController extends PostsHelper
{
function index()
{
}
function view($id)
{
$this->models['post']->setId($id);
$this->set('data', $this->models['post']->read());
}
function add()
{
if (empty($this->params['data']))
{
$this->render();
}
else
{
if ($this->models['post']->save($this->params['data']))
{
$this->flash('Your post has been saved.','/posts');
}
else
{
$this->set('data', $this->params['data']);
$this->validateErrors($this->models['post']);
$this->render();
}
}
}
function delete($id)
{
if ($this->models['post']->del($id))
{
$this->flash('The post with id: '.$id.' has been deleted.', '/posts');
}
}
function edit($id=null)
{
if (empty($this->params['data']))
{
$this->models['post']->setId($id);
$this->params['data']= $this->models['post']->read();
$this->render();
}
else
{
$this->models['post']->set($this->params['data']);
if ( $this->models['post']->save())
{
$this->flash('Your post has been updated.','/posts');
}
else
{
$this->set('data', $this->params['data']);
$this->validateErrors($this->models['post']);
$this->render();
}
}
}
}
?>
app/views/posts/edit.thtml
Edit post to blog
formTag('/posts/edit')?>
Title: inputTag('post/title', 40)?>
tagErrorMsg('post/title', 'Title is required.') ?>
areaTag('body') ?>
tagErrorMsg('post/body', 'Body is required.') ?>
submitTag('Save') ?>
你也可以在表单标签中用
hiddenTag('id')?>
来代替直接使用html的标签。
同时, 在 index.thtml 中, 我们添加一个编辑连接:
Blog posts
Id | Title | Created |
---|---|---|
linkTo($post['title'], "/posts/view/{$post['id']}")?> linkTo('Delete',"/posts/delete/{$post['id']}", null, "Are you sure you want to delete post entitled \'{$post['title']}\'?")?> linkTo('Edit',"/posts/edit/{$post['id']}")?> |
linkTo('Add new post', '/posts/add') ?>
从视图中分离逻辑
让我们回头看一下 index.thtml 视图:
app/views/posts/index.thtml
...
post->findAll() as $post): ?>
...
我们应该从视图中删除 findAll() 的调用,然后把它放在控制器重。这可以建立一种更好的逻辑和视图的分离。然后我们从控制器重为视图获取数据。现在就让我们完成它吧。
在帖子的控制器中,我们从posts模型中获取所有的记录,并且储存在变量 data 中。
app/controllers/posts_controller.php
...
function index ()
{
$this->set('data', $this->models['post']->findAll());
}
...
?>
同时在视图中,我们通过对每行数据的迭代,来全部显示他的内容。
app/views/posts/index.thtml
...
...
这太简单了,不是么?

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