Django:web框架的学习(3)_html/css_WEB-ITnose
借我杀死庸碌的情怀
初学者，一切都是个开始和摸索
To learn Django step by step.
001：Django：web框架的学习002：Django：web框架的学习(2)
核心知识：
- 再次强化开发步骤和知识
- 简易的HTML和CSS语法
- 数据库操作
- 模板的使用
1: 目标
先显示最终效果图：这是个包含背景颜色的网页，不是水印。
1465024645455.png
- Wechat : 显示微信账号
- Weibo：直接跳转至微博平台
- Github: 直接跳转至Github平台
- 简书： 直接跳转至简书平台
- 更多：跳转至抓取的豆瓣电影Top250，后页面显示的部分：
1465025610484.png
2：重申开发步骤
- 创建APP
- 编辑视图文件
- 配置url
- 编辑模型文件定义数据库
- 编辑模板文件
3：定义数据库文件
- 账号数据表：对应于：wechat, 简书，github 等
class Message(models.Model): Id_name = models.CharField(max_length=10) Id_user = models.CharField(max_length=10) Id_url = models.CharField(max_length=60) Id_des = models.TextField(max_length=60) def __str__(self): return self.Id_user# 包含名称，账号，链接，介绍几个字段
- 电影数据：这里不讲述数据如何抓取：爬虫看这里
class Film(models.Model): Film_name = models.CharField(max_length=20) Film_director = models.CharField(max_length=10) Film_rate = models.FloatField(max_length=5) Film_number = models.CharField(max_length=10) Film_url = models.CharField(max_length=30) Film_describe = models.TextField(max_length=60) def __str__(self): return self.Film_name# 定义5个字段和相应数据类型## 确保上述数据表中存在数据
4：模板文件
模板文件都是些前端知识，好吧，我不太会...
大致的内容有：
- HTML的元素，属性，结构之类的
- CSS层叠样式：修饰HTML文件中的内容的形式
举例：
- HTML
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>谢小路</title></head><div></div><body><h1 id="Hello-world">Hello world!</h1></body></html># HTML文件长这样.
CSS
nav{ background-color: #000000; height: 50px;}#banner{ background: #CCCCCC; height: 600px;}# 定义了背景颜色和高度# HTML 和CSS配合使用提升开发效率...Copy after loginDjango中的使用新建一个文件夹专门存放模板文件，命名为templates,文件夹下可以创建文件夹以APP名称存放模板文件这里我创建了两个APP，一个名为one,一个为two其中one/film.html文件下显示的是：上文中更多显示的电影数据two/index.html文件显示的是：首页信息，即上文第一张图显示
|---templates|---templates/one/film.html|---templates/two/index.html
- 设置模板文件路径setting.py
TEMPLATES_DIR = ( os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates/one/'), os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates/two/'),)
Copy after login - 为了显示电影数据：修改one下的视图文件：views.py , film.html模板文件
def film(request): film = Film.objects.order_by("id") return render(request, 'one/film.html', {"Film": film}) pass- 为了显示账户信息等数据：修改two下视图文件：views.py index.html模板文件
def des(request): message = Message.objects.order_by("id") return render(request, 'two/index.html' , {"Message": message})- 配置url
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^film', film), # 这个显示电影数据 url(r'', des), # 这个显示首页信息]
5. Django常用指令
- django-admin.py startproject [filename] # 创建新项目
- python manage.py runserver # 启动web服务
- python manage.py startapp [APPNAME] # 创建web APP
- python manage.py makemigrations
- python manage.py migrate
- python manage.py shell
- python manage.py createsuperuser # 创建后台超级用户
6. 编程感悟
- 如果不是你遇到的实际问题，看任何实际的文章都存在着知识的盲区。
- 想要把一个东西说出来和写出来，和你感觉会，不是一码事。
- 这是个需要不断更新知识的时代，每天都存在着接触或者被动接触新东西，需要抓住自己的知识体系不断构建，不然易陷入贪多还不会的地步。
- 学会一点技术，重复是个少不了的技能。
- 摸索需要极大的成本，假如身边有牛人，千万别放过学习的机会...
在平坦的路上曲折前行...致：美貌大王 --许岑
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