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CSS实现水平居中的4种思路_html/css_WEB-ITnose

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Release: 2016-06-24 11:19:40
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× 目录 [1]text-align [2]margin [3]absolute [4]flex

前面的话

  水平居中是经常遇到的问题。看似方法较多,条条大路通罗马。但系统梳理下,其实都围绕着几个思路展开。本文将介绍关于水平居中的4种思路

 

思路一:在父元素中设置text-align:center实现行内元素水平居中

  将子元素的display设置为inline-block,使子元素变成行内元素

  [注意]若要兼容IE7-浏览器,可使用display:inline;zoom:1;来达到inline-block的效果

<style>.parent{text-align: center;}    .child{display: inline-block;}</style>
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<div class="parent" style="background-color: gray;">  <div class="child" style="background-color: lightblue;">DEMO</div></div>
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思路二:在本身元素设置margin: 0 auto实现块级元素水平居中

【1】将子元素的display为table,使子元素成为块级元素,同时table还具有包裹性,宽度由内容撑开

  [注意]若要兼容IE7-浏览器,可把child的结构换成

DEMO

<style>.child{    display: table;    margin: 0 auto;}</style>
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<div class="parent" style="background-color: gray;">  <div class="child" style="background-color: lightblue;">DEMO</div></div>
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【2】若子元素定宽,则可以使用绝对定位的盒模型属性,实现居中效果;若不设置宽度时,子元素被拉伸

<style>.parent{  position: relative;}.child{ position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; margin: 0 auto; width: 50px;}</style>
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<div class="parent" style="background-color: gray;height: 20px;">    <div class="child" style="background-color: lightblue;">DEMO</div>   </div>
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思路三: 通过绝对定位的偏移属性实现水平居中

【1】配合translate()位移函数

  translate函数的百分比是相对于自身宽度的,所以left:50%配合translateX(-50%)可实现居中效果

  [注意]IE9-浏览器不支持

<style>.parent{  position: relative;}.child{  position: absolute;  left: 50%;  transform:translateX(-50%);}</style>
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<div class="parent" style="background-color: gray;height: 20px;">  <div class="child" style="background-color: lightblue;">DEMO</div></div>
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【2】配合relative

  relative的偏移属性是相对于自身的,因为子元素已经被设置为absolute,所以若使用relative,则需要增加一层

结构,使其宽度与子元素宽度相同

  [注意]该方法全兼容,但是增加了html结构

<style>.parent{  position: relative;}.childWrap{  position: absolute;  left: 50%;}.child{  position: relative;  left: -50%;}</style>
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<div class="parent" style="background-color: gray;height: 20px;">  <div class="childWrap">    <div class="child" style="background-color: lightblue;">DEMO</div>   </div>   </div>
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【3】配合负margin

  margin的百分比是相对于包含块的,所以需要增加一层

结构。由于宽度width的默认值是auto,当设置负margin时,width也会随着变大。所以此时需要定宽处理

  [注意]虽然全兼容,但需要增加页面结构及定宽处理,所以限制了应用场景

<style>.parent{  position: relative;}.childWrap{  position: absolute;  left: 50%;}.child{  width:50px;  margin-left:-50%;}</style>
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<div class="parent" style="background-color: gray;height: 20px;">  <div class="childWrap">    <div class="child" style="background-color: lightblue;">DEMO</div>   </div>   </div>
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思路四: 使用弹性盒模型flex实现水平居中

  [注意]IE9-浏览器不支持

【1】在伸缩容器上设置主轴对齐方式jusify-content:center

<style>.parent{  display: flex;  justify-content: center;}</style>
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<div class="parent" style="background-color: gray;">    <div class="child" style="background-color: lightblue;">DEMO</div>   </div>
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【2】在伸缩项目上设置margin: 0 auto

<style>.parent{display: flex;}.child{margin: 0 auto;}</style>
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<div class="parent" style="background-color: gray;">    <div class="child" style="background-color: lightblue;">DEMO</div>   </div>
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