Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial 彻底弄懂css中单位px和em,rem的区别_html/css_WEB-ITnose

彻底弄懂css中单位px和em,rem的区别_html/css_WEB-ITnose

Jun 24, 2016 am 11:23 AM

国内的设计师大都喜欢用px,而国外的 网站 大都喜欢用em和rem,那么三者有什么区别,又各自有什么优劣呢?

PX特点

1. IE无法调整那些使用px作为单位的字体大小;

2. 国外的大部分网站能够调整的原因在于其使用了em或rem作为字体单位;

3. Firefox能够调整px和em,rem,但是96%以上的中国网民使用IE浏览器(或内核)。

px像素(Pixel)。相对长度单位。像素px是相对于显示器屏幕分辨率而言的。(引自CSS2.0手册)

em是相对长度单位。相对于当前对象内文本的字体尺寸。如当前对行内文本的字体尺寸未被人为设置,则相对于浏览器的默认字体尺寸。(引自CSS2.0手册)

任意浏览器的默认字体高都是16px。所有未经调整的浏览器都符合: 1em=16px。那么12px=0.75em,10px=0.625em。为了简化font-size的换算,需要在css中的body选择器中声明Font-size=62.5%,这就使em值变为 16px*62.5%=10px, 这样12px=1.2em, 10px=1em, 也就是说只需要将你的原来的px数值除以10,然后换上em作为单位就行了。

EM特点  

1. em的值并不是固定的;

2. em会继承父级元素的字体大小。

所以我们在写CSS的时候, 需要注意两点:

1. body选择器中声明Font-size=62.5%;

2. 将你的原来的px数值除以10,然后换上em作为单位;

3. 重新计算那些被放大的字体的em数值。避免字体大小的重复声明。

也就是避免1.2 * 1.2= 1.44的现象。比如说你在#content中声明了字体大小为1.2em,那么在声明p的字体大小时就只能是1em,而不是1.2em, 因为此em非彼em,它因继承#content的字体高而变为了1em=12px。

rem特点  

rem是 CSS3 新增的一个相对单位(root em,根em),这个单位引起了广泛关注。这个单位与em有什么区别呢?区别在于使用rem为元素设定字体大小时,仍然是相对大小,但相对的只是HTML根元素。这个单位可谓集相对大小和绝对大小的优点于一身,通过它既可以做到只修改根元素就成比例地调整所有字体大小,又可以避免字体大小逐层复合的连锁反应。目前,除了IE8及更早版本外,所有浏览器均已支持rem。对于不支持它的浏览器,应对方法也很简单,就是多写一个绝对单位的声明。这些浏览器会忽略用rem设定的字体大小。下面就是

一个例子:

p  { font - size : 14px ;  font - size :. 875rem ;}

注意:

选择使用什么字体单位主要由你的项目来决定,如果你的用户群都使用最新版的浏览器,那推荐使用rem,如果要考虑兼容性,那就使用px,或者两者同时使用。

在这里为大家提供一个px,em,rem单位转换工具

地址: http://pxtoem.com/

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