HTML 入门笔记－初识HTML_html/css_WEB-ITnose-HTML Tutorial-php.cn

本人在慕课网学习HTML+CSS基础课程，记录一些文字，方便自己回忆，也希望对大家有所帮助

基础框架

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><title>标题标签</title></head><body>    <h1>了不起的盖茨比</h1>    <p>《了不起的盖茨比》为那个奢靡年代的缩影。盖茨比怀揣着对"美国梦"的期翼，投身到那个年代的灯红酒绿之中，却在名利场中看尽世态炎凉，以及浮华背后一切终将逝去的空虚怅惘。1925年《了不起的盖茨比》问世。    </p></body></html>

Copy after login

了解HTML的代码注释

什么是代码注释？代码注释的作用是帮助程序员标注代码的用途，过一段时间后再看你所编写的代码，就能很快想起这段代码的用途。代码注释不仅方便程序员自己回忆起以前代码的用途，还可以帮助其他程序员很快的读懂你的程序的功能，方便多人合作开发网页代码。

语法：

认识标签

文档的头部描述了文档的各种属性和信息，包括文档的标题等。绝大多数文档头部包含的数据都不会真正作为内容显示给读者。

<head>    <title>...</title>    <meta>    <link>    <style>...</style>    <script>...</script></head>

Copy after login

标签在<title> 和<title> 标签之间的文字内容是网页的标题信息，它会出现在浏览器的标题栏中。网页的title标签用于告诉用户和搜索引擎这个网页的主要内容是什么，搜索引擎可以通过网页标题，迅速的判断出网页的主题。每个网页的内容都是不同的，每个网页都应该有一个独一无二的title。例如：<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><head> <title>hello world</title></head></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><title>标签的内容“hello world”会在浏览器中的标题栏上显示出来，如下图所示 <p> <p></p> </p></li> </ol> <hr /> <h2><strong><body>标签，网页上显示的内容放在这里</strong></h2> <p>在网页上要展示出来的页面内容一定要放在body标签中。如下图是一个新闻文章的网页。</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <hr /> <h2><strong>开始学习<p>标签，添加段落</strong></h2> <p>如果想在网页上显示文章，这时就需要<p>标签了，把文章的段落放到<p>标签中。 </p> <p>语法： <p>段落文本</p> </p> <p>注意一段文字一个<p>标签，如在一篇新闻文章中有3段文字，就要把这3个段落分别放到3个<p>标签中。如下图所示。</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <hr /> <h2><strong>了解<hx(1-6)>标签，为你的网页添加标题</strong></h2> <p>文章的段落用<p>标签，那么文章的标题用什么标签呢？在本节我们将使用<hx>标签来制作文章的标题。标题标签一共有6个，h1、h2、h3、h4、h5、h6分别为一级标题、二级标题、三级标题、四级标题、五级标题、六级标题。并且依据重要性递减。<h1>是最高的等级。 </p> <p>语法：<hx>标题文本</hx> x:1-6</p> <p>注意：因为h1标签在网页中比较重要，所以一般h1标签被用在网站名称上。腾讯网站就是这样做的。如：<h1>腾讯网</h1> </p> <p>h1-h6标签的默认样式：标签代码：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>在浏览器中显示的样式：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <hr /> <h2><strong>加入强调语气，使用<strong>和<em>标签</strong></h2> <p>有了段落又有了标题，现在如果想在一段话中特别强调某几个文字，这时候就可以用到<em>或<strong>标签但两者在强调的语气上有区别: </p> <ul> <li><em> 表示强调，在浏览器中<em> 默认用斜体表示</li> <li><strong>表示更强烈的强调，在浏览器中<strong>用粗体表示。</li> <li>两个标签相比，目前国内前端程序员更喜欢使用<strong>表示强调。</li> </ul> <p>在浏览器中默认样式是有区别的：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>浏览器中的样子，如下图。</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>语法：<em>需要强调的文本</em><strong>需要强调的文本</strong></p> <p>栗子：在网上商城中，某产品的打折后的价格是需要强调的。如下图。</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>代码实现:</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <hr /> <h2><strong>使用<span>标签为文字设置单独样式</strong></h2> <p>语法：<span>文本</span></p> <p>我们对<em>、<strong>、<span>这三个标签进行一下总结：</p> <ol> <li><p><em>和<strong>标签是为了强调一段话中的关键字时使用，它们的语义是强调。</p></li> <li><p><span>标签是没有语义的，它的作用就是为了设置单独的样式用的。</p></li> </ol> <p>如果现在我们想把上一小节的第一段话“美国梦”三个字设置成blue（蓝色），但注意不是为了强调“美国梦”，而只是想为它设置和其它文字不同的样式（并不想让屏幕阅读器对“美国梦”这三个字加重音读出），所以这样情况下就可以用到<span>标签了。如下面例子：</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><p>1922年的春天，一个想要成名名叫<em>尼克•卡拉威</em>（托比•马奎尔Tobey Maguire 饰）的作家，离开了美国中西部，来到了纽约。那是一个道德感渐失，爵士乐流行，走私为王，<strong>股票</strong>飞涨的时代。为了追寻他的<span>美国梦</span>，他搬入纽约附近一海湾居住。</p></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>我们如果想设置“美国梦”三个字设置成blue（蓝色），只需要在<style>标签中加入：</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code">span{ color:blue;}</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>css部分，以后会聊，你能大概明白span就是能干单独设置样式的活，就ok了 </p> <hr /> <h2><strong><q>标签，短文本引用</strong></h2> <p>想在你的html中加一段引用吗？比如在你的网页的文章里想引用某个作家的一句诗，这样会使你的文章更加出彩，那么<q>标签是你所需要的。</p> <p>语法：<q>引用文本</q></p> <p>栗子： </p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><p>最初知道庄子，是从一首诗<q>庄生晓梦迷蝴蝶。望帝春心托杜鹃。</q>开始的。虽然当时不知道是什么意思，只是觉得诗句挺特别。后来才明白这个典故出自是庄子的《逍遥游》，《逍遥游》代表了庄子思想的最高境界，是对世俗社会的功名利禄及自己的舍弃。</p></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>讲解: </p> <ol> <li><p>在上面的例子中，“庄生晓梦迷蝴蝶。望帝春心托杜鹃。” 这是一句诗歌，出自晚唐诗人李商隐的《锦瑟》。因为不是作者自己的文字，所以需要使用实现引用。</p></li> <li><p>注意要引用的文本不用加双引号，浏览器会对q标签自动添加双引号。</p></li> </ol> <p>下图是代码显示结果：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>注意这里用标签的真正关键点不是它的默认样式双引号（如果这样我们不如自己在键盘上输入双引号就行了），而是它的语义：引用别人的话。</p> <hr /> <h2><strong><blockquote>标签，长文本引用</strong></h2> <p><blockquote>的作用也是引用别人的文本。但它是对长文本的引用，如在文章中引入大段某知名作家的文字，这时需要这个标签。等等，上一节<q>标签不是也是对文本的引用吗？不要忘记<q>标签是对简短文本的引用，比如说引用一句话就用到<q>标签。如想在我的文章中引用李白《关山月》中的诗句，因为引用文本比较长，所以使用<blockquote>。 </p> <p>语法：<blockquote>引用文本</blockquote>如下面例子：</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><blockquote>明月出天山，苍茫云海间。长风几万里，吹度玉门关。汉下白登道，胡窥青海湾。由来征战地，不见有人还。戍客望边色，思归多苦颜。高楼当此夜，叹息未应闲。</blockquote></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>浏览器对<blockquote>标签的解析是缩进样式。如下图所示：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <hr /> <h2><strong>使用<br>标签分行显示文本</strong></h2> <p>例子，我们想让一首诗显示得更美观些，如显示下面效果：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>怎么可以让每一句诗词后面加入一个折行呢？那就可以用到<br />标签了，在需要加回车换行的地方加入<br />，<br />标签作用相当于word文档中的回车。代码改为： </p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><h2>《咏桂》</h2><p>暗淡轻黄体性柔，<br />情疏迹远只香留。<br />何须浅碧深红色，<br />自是花中第一流。</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>诗文在浏览器中显示为：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <hr /> <h2><strong>为你的网页中添加一些空格</strong></h2> <p>在html代码中输入空格、回车都是没有作用的。要想输入空格，必须写入。<strong>不要忘了那个分号</strong> </p> <p>在html代码中输入空格是不起作用的，如下代码。</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>在浏览中显示，还是没有空格效果。</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>输入空格的正确方法：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>在浏览器中的显示出来的空格效果。如下图所示。</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <hr /> <h2><strong>认识<hr>标签，添加水平横线</strong></h2> <p>在信息展示时，有时会需要加一些用于分隔的横线，这样会使文章看起来整齐些。如下图所示：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>语法：</p> <ul> <li>html4.01版本 <hr></li> <li>xhtml1.0版本 <hr />注意：</li> <li><hr />标签和<br />标签一样也是一个空标签，所以只有一个开始标签，没有结束标签。</li> <li><hr />标签的在浏览器中的默认样式线条比较粗，颜色为灰色，可能有些人觉得这种样式不美观，没有关系，这些外在样式在我们以后学习了css样式表之后，都可以对其修改。</li> <li>大家注意，现在一般使用 xhtml1.0 的版本（其它标签也是），这种版本比较规范。</li> </ul> <hr /> <h2><strong><address>标签，为网页加入地址信息</strong></h2> <p>一般网页中会有一些网站的联系地址信息需要在网页中展示出来，这些联系地址信息如公司的地址就可以<address>标签。也可以定义一个地址（比如电子邮件地址）、签名或者文档的作者身份。栗子： </p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><address>本文的作者：<a href="mailto:zhaoliangsyn@163.com">zhaolion</a></address></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <hr /> <h2><strong>想加入一行代码吗？使用<code>标签</strong></h2> <p>在介绍语言技术的网站中，避免不了在网页中显示一些计算机专业的编程代码，当代码为一行代码时，你就可以使用<code>标签了，如下面例子： </p> <p><code>var i = a + b;</code> </p> <p>注意：在文章中一般如果要插入多行代码时不能使用<code>标签了。<strong>如果是多行代码，可以使用<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">标签</strong>。</p> <hr /> <h2><strong>使用<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">标签为你的网页加入大段代码</strong></h2> <p>在上节中介绍加入一行代码的标签为<code>，但是在大多数情况下是需要加入大段代码的，如下图：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>怎么办？不会是每一代码都加入一个<code>标签吧，没有这么复杂，这时候就可以使用<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">标签。 </p> <p>语法：<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">语言代码段</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div></p> <p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">标签的主要作用:预格式化的文本。被包围在 pre 元素中的文本通常会保留空格和换行符。如下代码：</p> <pre class="sycode" name="code"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"> var message="欢迎"; for(var i=1;i<=10;i++) { alert(message); }</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div></pre> <p>在浏览器中的显示结果为：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>在上面的例子中可以看到代码中的空格，换行符都保留下来。如果用以前的方法，回车需要输入<br>签，空格需要输入 </p> <p>注意：<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"> 标签不只是为显示计算机的源代码时用的，在你需要在网页中预显示格式时都可以使用它，只是<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">标签的一个常见应用就是用来展示计算机的源代码。</p> <hr /> <h2><strong>使用<ul>，添加新闻信息列表</strong></h2> <p>在浏览网页时，你会发现网页上有很多信息的列表，如新闻列表、图片列表，如下图所示。</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>这些列表就可以使用ul-li标签来完成。ul-li是 <strong>没有前后顺序的信息列表</strong>。</p> <p>语法： </p> <pre class="sycode" name="code"><ul> <li>信息</li> <li>信息</li> ......</ul></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>举例： </p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><ul> <li>精彩少年</li> <li>美丽突然出现</li> <li>触动心灵的旋律</li></ul></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>ul-li在网页中显示的默认样式一般为：每项li前都自带一个圆点，如下图所示：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <hr /> <h2><strong>使用<ol>，添加顺序列表</strong></h2> <p>如果想在网页中展示有前后顺序的信息列表，怎么办呢？如，当当网上的书籍热卖排行榜，如下图所示。这类信息展示就可以使用<ol>标签来制作有序列表来展示。</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>语法：</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><ol> <li>信息</li> <li>信息</li> ......</ol></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>举例：</p> <p>下面是一个热点课程下载排行榜： </p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><ol> <li>前端开发面试心法 </li> <li>零基础学习html</li> <li>JavaScript全攻略</li></ol></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p><ol>在网页中显示的默认样式一般为：每项<li>前都自带一个序号，序号默认从1开始，如下图所示：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <hr /> <h2><strong>初识div</strong></h2> <h3><strong>认识div在排版中的作用</strong></h3> <p>在网页制作过程过中，可以把一些独立的逻辑部分划分出来，放在一个<div>标签中，这个<div>标签的作用就相当于一个容器。 </p> <p>语法：<div>…</div></p> <p>确定逻辑部分：什么是逻辑部分？它是页面上相互关联的一组元素。如网页中的独立的栏目版块，就是一个典型的逻辑部分。如下图所示：图中用红色边框标出的部分就是一个逻辑部分，就可以使用<div>标签作为容器。</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <h3><strong>给div命名，使逻辑更加清晰</strong></h3> <p>在上一小节中，我们把一些标签放进<div>里，划分出一个独立的逻辑部分。为了使逻辑更加清晰，我们可以为这一个独立的逻辑部分设置一个名称，用id属性来为<div>提供唯一的名称，这个就像我们每个人都有一个身份证号，这个身份证号是唯一标识我们的身份的，也是必须唯一的。如下两图进行比较，如果设计师把两个图给你，哪个图你看上去能更快的理解呢？是不是右边的那幅图呢。</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>语法：<div id="版块名称">…</div></p> <hr /> <h2><strong>table标签，认识网页上的表格</strong></h2> <h3><strong>table标签＝我们平时看到到表格</strong></h3> <p>有时候我们需要在网页上展示一些数据，如某公司想在网页上展示公司的库存清单。如下表：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>想在网页上展示上述表格效果可以使用以下代码：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>创建表格的四个元素： table、tbody、tr、th、td</p> <ol> <li><p><table>…</table>：整个表格以<table>标记开始、</table>标记结束。</p></li> <li><p><tbody>…</tbody>：当表格内容非常多时，表格会下载一点显示一点，但如果加上<tbody>标签后，这个表格就要等表格内容全部下载完才会显示。</p></li> <li><p><tr>…</tr>：表格的一行，所以有几对tr 表格就有几行。</p></li> <li><p><td>…</td>：表格的一个单元格，一行中包含几对<td>...</td>，说明一行中就有几列。</p></li> <li><p><th>…</th>：表格的头部的一个单元格，表格表头。</p></li> <li><p>表格中列的个数，取决于一行中数据单元格的个数。 </p></li> </ol> <p>上述代码在浏览器中显示的默认的样式为：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>总结：</p> <ol> <li><p>table表格在没有添加css样式之前，在浏览器中显示是没有表格线的</p></li> <li><p>表头，也就是th标签中的文本默认为粗体并且居中显示</p></li> </ol> <h3><strong>用css样式，为表格加入边框</strong></h3> <p>Table 表格在没有添加 css 样式之前，是没有边框的。这样不便于我们后期合并单元格知识点的讲解，所以在这一节中我们为表格添加一些样式，为它添加边框。代码中加入： </p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><style type="text/css">table tr td,th{border:1px solid #000;}</style></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>上述代码是用 css 样式代码，为th，td单元格添加粗细为一个像素的黑色边框。</p> <p>结果窗口显示出结果样式：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <h3><strong>caption标签，为表格添加标题和摘要</strong></h3> <p>表格还是需要添加一些标签进行优化，可以添加标题和摘要。代码如下 </p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p><strong>摘要</strong> 摘要的内容是不会在浏览器中显示出来的。它的作用是增加表格的可读性(语义化)，使搜索引擎更好的读懂表格内容，还可以使屏幕阅读器更好的帮助特殊用户读取表格内容。语法：<table summary="表格简介文本"> </p> <p><strong>标题</strong> 用以描述表格内容，标题的显示位置：表格上方。语法：</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><table> <caption>标题文本</caption> <tr> <td>…</td> <td>…</td> … </tr>…</table></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <hr /> <h2><strong>初识<a>标签</strong></h2> <h3><strong>使用<a>标签，链接到另一个页面</strong></h3> <p>使用<a>标签可实现超链接，它在网页制作中可以说是无处不在，只要有链接的地方，就会有这个标签。 </p> <p>语法：<a href="目标网址" title="鼠标滑过显示的文本">链接显示的文本</a> </p> <p>例如：<a href="http://www.zhaolion.com" title="点击进入我的博客">click here!</a></p> <p>上面例子作用是单击click here!文字，网页链接到http://www.zhaolion.com这个网页。 </p> <p>title属性的作用，鼠标滑过链接文字时会显示这个属性的文本内容。这个属性在实际网页开发中作用很大，主要方便搜索引擎了解链接地址的内容（语义化更友好)<strong>提醒</strong>还有一个有趣的现象不知道小伙伴们发现了没有，只要为文本加入a标签后，文字的颜色就会自动变为蓝色（被点击过的文本颜色为紫色），颜色很难看吧，不过没有关系后面我们学习了css样子就可以设置过来（a{color:#000}),后面会详细讲解。</p> <h3><strong>在新建浏览器窗口中打开链接</strong></h3> <p><a>标签在默认情况下，链接的网页是在当前浏览器窗口中打开，有时我们需要在新的浏览器窗口中打开。只需要添加一个属性 target="_blank"如下代码：<a href="目标网址" target="_blank">click here!</a> </p> <h3><strong>使用mailto在网页中链接Email地址</strong></h3> <p><a>标签还有一个作用是可以链接Email地址，使用mailto能让访问者便捷向网站管理者发送电子邮件。我们还可以利用mailto做许多其它事情。下面一一进行讲解，请看详细图示：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p><strong>提醒</strong>:如果mailto后面同时有多个参数的话，第一个参数必须以“?”开头，后面的参数每一个都以“&”分隔。下面是一个完整的实例: 在浏览器中显示的一个发送按钮</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>点击链接会打开电子邮件应用，并自动填写收件人等设置好的信息，如下图：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <hr /> <h2><strong>认识<img alt="HTML 入门笔记－初识HTML_html/css_WEB-ITnose" >标签，为网页插入图片</strong></h2> <p>在网页的制作中为使网页炫丽美观，肯定是缺少不了图片，可以使用<img alt="HTML 入门笔记－初识HTML_html/css_WEB-ITnose" >标签来插入图片。语法： [站外图片上传中……(48)] </p> <p>举例： <img src = "myimage.gif" alt = "My Image" title = "My Image" /> </p> <p>讲解：</p> <ol> <li><p>src：标识图像的位置；</p></li> <li><p>alt：指定图像的描述性文本，当图像不可见时（下载不成功时），可看到该属性指定的文本；</p></li> <li><p>title：提供在图像可见时对图像的描述(鼠标滑过图片时显示的文本)；</p></li> <li><p>图像可以是GIF，PNG，JPEG格式的图像文件。 </p></li> </ol> <hr /> <h2><strong>认识表单</strong></h2> <h3><strong>使用表单标签，与用户交互</strong></h3> <p>网站怎样与用户进行交互？答案是使用HTML表单(form)。表单是可以把浏览者输入的数据传送到服务器端，这样服务器端程序就可以处理表单传过来的数据。 </p> <p>语法： <form method="传送方式" action="服务器文件"> </p> <p>讲解：</p> <ol> <li><p><form> ：<form>标签是成对出现的，以<form>开始，以</form>结束。</p></li> <li><p>action ：浏览者输入的数据被传送到的地方,比如一个PHP页面(save.php)。</p></li> <li><p>method ：数据传送的方式（get/post）。</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><form method="post" action="save.php"> <label for="username">用户名:</label> <input type="text" name="username" /> <label for="pass">密码:</label> <input type="password" name="pass" /></form></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div></li> </ol> <p><strong>注意</strong> </p> <ol> <li><p>所有表单控件（文本框、文本域、按钮、单选框、复选框等）都必须放在<form></form>标签之间（否则用户输入的信息可提交不到服务器上哦！）。</p></li> <li><p>method:post/get的区别这一部分内容属于后端程序员考虑的问题。感兴趣的小伙伴可以问谷哥 </p></li> </ol> <h3><strong>文本输入框、密码输入框</strong></h3> <p>当用户要在表单中键入字母、数字等内容时，就会用到文本输入框。文本框也可以转化为密码输入框。</p> <p>语法：</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><form> <input type="text/password" name="名称" value="文本" /></form></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <ol> <li><p>type：</p> <ul> <li>当type="text"时，输入框为文本输入框;</li> <li>当type="password"时, 输入框为密码输入框。</li> </ul></li> <li><p>name：为文本框命名，以备后台程序ASP 、PHP使用。</p></li> <li><p>value：为文本输入框设置默认值。(一般起到提示作用)</p></li> </ol> <p>举例：</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><form> 姓名： <input type="text" name="myName"> <br/> 密码： <input type="password" name="pass"></form></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>在浏览器中显示的结果：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <h3><strong>文本域，支持多行文本输入</strong></h3> <p>当用户需要在表单中输入大段文字时，需要用到文本输入域。 </p> <p>语法： <textarea rows="行数" cols="列数">文本</textarea> </p> <ol> <li><p><textarea>标签是成对出现的，以<textarea>开始，以</textarea>结束。</p></li> <li><p>cols ：多行输入域的列数。</p></li> <li><p>rows ：多行输入域的行数。</p></li> <li><p>在<textarea></textarea>标签之间可以输入默认值。</p></li> </ol> <p>举例： </p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><form method="post" action="save.php"> <label>联系我们</label> <textarea cols="50" rows="10" >在这里输入内容...</textarea></form></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>在浏览器中显示结果：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <h3><strong>使用单选框、复选框，让用户选择</strong></h3> <p>在使用表单设计调查表时，为了减少用户的操作，使用选择框是一个好主意，html中有两种选择框，即单选框和复选框，两者的区别是单选框中的选项用户只能选择一项，而复选框中用户可以任意选择多项，甚至全选。请看下面的例子:语法： <input type="radio/checkbox" value="值" name="名称" checked="checked"/></p> <ol> <li><p>type:</p> <ul> <li><p>当 type="radio" 时，控件为单选框</p></li> <li><p>当 type="checkbox" 时，控件为复选框</p></li> </ul></li> <li><p>value：提交数据到服务器的值（后台程序PHP使用）</p></li> <li><p>name：为控件命名，以备后台程序 ASP、PHP 使用</p></li> <li><p>checked：当设置 checked="checked" 时，该选项被默认选中</p></li> </ol> <p>如下面代码：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>在浏览器中显示的结果：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p><strong>注意</strong>:同一组的单选按钮，name 取值一定要一致，比如上面例子为同一个名称“radioLove”，这样同一组的单选按钮才可以起到单选的作用。</p> <h3><strong>使用下拉列表框，节省空间</strong></h3> <p>下拉列表在网页中也常会用到，它可以有效的节省网页空间。既可以单选、又可以多选。如下代码：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>讲解：</p> <ol> <li>value： <p> <p></p> </p> </li> <li>selected="selected"：设置selected="selected"属性，则该选项就被默认选中。</li> </ol> <h3><strong>使用下拉列表框进行多选</strong></h3> <p>下拉列表也可以进行多选操作，在<select>标签中设置multiple="multiple"属性，就可以实现多选功能，在 widows 操作系统下，进行多选时按下Ctrl键同时进行单击（在 Mac下使用 Command +单击），可以选择多个选项。如下代码：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>在浏览器中显示的结果：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <h3><strong>使用提交按钮，提交数据</strong></h3> <p>在表单中有两种按钮可以使用，分别为：提交按钮、重置。这一小节讲解提交按钮：当用户需要提交表单信息到服务器时，需要用到提交按钮。语法： <input type="submit" value="提交"> </p> <ol> <li>type：只有当type值设置为submit时，按钮才有提交作用</li> <li>value：按钮上显示的文字 </li> </ol> <p>举例：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>在浏览器中显示的结果：</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <h3><strong>使用重置按钮，重置表单信息</strong></h3> <p>当用户需要重置表单信息到初始时的状态时，比如用户输入“用户名”后，发现书写有误，可以使用重置按钮使输入框恢复到初始状态。只需要把type设置为"reset"就可以。语法： <input type="reset" value="重置"> </p> <ol> <li>type：只有当type值设置为reset时，按钮才有重置作用 </li> <li>value：按钮上显示的文字 </li> </ol> <p>举例： </p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>在浏览器中显示的结果：输入账号</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <p>单击重置按钮</p> <p> <p></p> </p> <h3><strong>form表单中的label标签</strong></h3> <p>小伙伴们，你们在前面学习表单各种控件的时候，有没有发现一个标签--label，这一小节就来揭晓它的作用。label标签不会向用户呈现任何特殊效果，它的作用是为鼠标用户改进了可用性。如果你在 label 标签内点击文本，就会触发此控件。就是说，当用户单击选中该label标签时，浏览器就会自动将焦点转到和标签相关的表单控件上（就自动选中和该label标签相关连的表单控件上）。语法： <label for="控件id名称"><strong>注意</strong> 标签的 for 属性中的值应当与相关控件的 id 属性值一定要相同。 <strong>这样你会在点慢跑标签，即使没有点checkbox 也能选中</strong>例子：</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="sycode" name="code"><form> <a>你对什么运动感兴趣：</a> <br /> <label for="1">慢跑</label><input type="checkbox" name="manpao" id="1"><br /> <label for="2">登山</label><input type="checkbox" name="dengshan" id="2"><br /> <label for="3">篮球</label><input type="checkbox" name="lanqiu" id="3"><br /></form></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </div> </div> <div style="height: 25px;"> <div class="wzconBq" style="display: inline-flex;"> <span>Related labels：</span> <div class="wzcbqd"> <a onclick="hits_log(2,'www',this);" href-data="https://www.php.cn/search?word=html入门笔记－初识html" target="_blank">HTML 入门笔记－初识HTML</a> </div> </div> <div style="display: inline-flex;float: right; color:#333333;">source：php.cn</div> </div> <div class="wzconOtherwz"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/269614.html" title="前端碎语（6）_html/css_WEB-ITnose"> <span>Previous article：前端碎语（6）_html/css_WEB-ITnose</span> </a> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/269622.html" title="HTML系列（六）：划分文档结构_html/css_WEB-ITnose"> <span>Next article：HTML系列（六）：划分文档结构_html/css_WEB-ITnose</span> </a> </div> <div class="wzconShengming"> <div class="bzsmdiv">Statement of this Website</div> <div>The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. 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HTML 入门笔记 － 初识HTML_html/css_WEB-ITnose

基础框架

了解HTML的代码注释

认识标签

HTML 入门笔记－初识HTML_html/css_WEB-ITnose