DOCTYPE的作用：文档类型与浏览器模式_html/css_WEB-ITnose
DTD（document type definition，文档类型定义）是一系列的语法规则， 用来定义XML或(X)HTML的文件类型。浏览器会使用它来判断文档类型， 决定使用何种协议来解析，以及切换浏览器模式。
事实上DTD可以定义所有 SGML语族的文档类型，但由于太过繁琐， XML Schema反而更加流行。
多数HTML编辑器都会为我们添加一行DOCTYPE声明，但DOCTYPE却是我们最容易忽略的部分。 下面我们会看到，DOCTYPE声明 并不是可有可无的。
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
DOCTYPE
DOCTYPE是用来声明文档类型和DTD规范的，一个主要的用途便是文件的合法性验证。 如果文件代码不合法，那么浏览器解析时便会出一些差错。HTML编辑器通常也会在语法高亮的同时提供合法性验证。
DOCTYPE声明包括标准版本和一个DTD文件的URI。常用的DOCTYPE声明有以下几种：
以下代码来自 http://www.w3school.com.cn/tags/tag_doctype.asp
HTML 5
<!DOCTYPE html>
HTML 4.01 Strict
该 DTD 包含所有HTML 元素和属性，但不包括展示性的和弃用的元素（比如 font）。不允许框架集（Framesets）。
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
HTML 4.01 Transitional
该 DTD 包含所有HTML 元素和属性，包括展示性的和弃用的元素（比如 font）。不允许框架集（Framesets）。
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
浏览器模式
为了能够很好地显示满足标准的页面，又能最大程度兼容不合法的HTML。 浏览器厂商一般会提供两种浏览器模式：
- 标准模式（standards mode）：浏览器根据标准规约来渲染页面。
- 混杂模式（quirks mode）：浏览器采用更加宽松的、向后兼容的方式来渲染页面。
混杂模式下，浏览器会模仿旧浏览器的行为，比如IE6，在此基础上兼容新的标准特性。 混杂模式又称兼容模式、怪异模式等。
DOCTYPE切换
浏览器根据不同的DOCTYPE选择不同的渲染方法就叫做 DOCTYPE切换。 其实DOCTYPE切换就是用来识别和兼容旧网页的。
以下情况浏览器会采用标准模式渲染：
- 给出了完整的DOCTYPE声明
- DOCTYPE声明了Strict DTD
- DOCTYPE声明了Transitional DTD和URI
以下情况浏览器会采用混杂模式渲染：
- DOCTYPE声明了Transitional DTD但未给出URI
- DOCTYPE声明不合法
- 未给出DOCTYPE声明
如果你是使用最新标准编写的页面但未给出DOCTYPE声明，这时就可能会出现一些怪异的行为。 例如盒模型不正确、窗口的 size不正确等问题。所以，尽量为你网站的所有页面都给出合法的DOCTYPE声明。
Hot AI Tools
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
Hot Topics
1387
52
Is HTML easy to learn for beginners?
Apr 07, 2025 am 12:11 AM
HTML is suitable for beginners because it is simple and easy to learn and can quickly see results. 1) The learning curve of HTML is smooth and easy to get started. 2) Just master the basic tags to start creating web pages. 3) High flexibility and can be used in combination with CSS and JavaScript. 4) Rich learning resources and modern tools support the learning process.
What is the purpose of the <progress> element?
Mar 21, 2025 pm 12:34 PM
The article discusses the HTML <progress> element, its purpose, styling, and differences from the <meter> element. The main focus is on using <progress> for task completion and <meter> for stati
The Roles of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: Core Responsibilities
Apr 08, 2025 pm 07:05 PM
HTML defines the web structure, CSS is responsible for style and layout, and JavaScript gives dynamic interaction. The three perform their duties in web development and jointly build a colorful website.
What is the purpose of the <datalist> element?
Mar 21, 2025 pm 12:33 PM
The article discusses the HTML <datalist> element, which enhances forms by providing autocomplete suggestions, improving user experience and reducing errors.Character count: 159
What is the purpose of the <meter> element?
Mar 21, 2025 pm 12:35 PM
The article discusses the HTML <meter> element, used for displaying scalar or fractional values within a range, and its common applications in web development. It differentiates <meter> from <progress> and ex
What is an example of a starting tag in HTML?
Apr 06, 2025 am 12:04 AM
AnexampleofastartingtaginHTMLis,whichbeginsaparagraph.StartingtagsareessentialinHTMLastheyinitiateelements,definetheirtypes,andarecrucialforstructuringwebpagesandconstructingtheDOM.
Understanding HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: A Beginner's Guide
Apr 12, 2025 am 12:02 AM
WebdevelopmentreliesonHTML,CSS,andJavaScript:1)HTMLstructurescontent,2)CSSstylesit,and3)JavaScriptaddsinteractivity,formingthebasisofmodernwebexperiences.
Gitee Pages static website deployment failed: How to troubleshoot and resolve single file 404 errors?
Apr 04, 2025 pm 11:54 PM
GiteePages static website deployment failed: 404 error troubleshooting and resolution when using Gitee...
