bootstrap学习笔记bootstrap安装环境_html/css_WEB-ITnose
Bootstrap 安装是非常容易的。本章将讲解如何下载并安装 Bootstrap，讨论 Bootstrap 文件结构，并通过一个实例演示它的用法。
下载 Bootstrap
您可以从 http://getbootstrap.com/ 上下载 Bootstrap 的最新版本。当您点击这个链接时，您将看到如下所示的网页：
您会看到两个按钮：
- Download Bootstrap ：下载 Bootstrap。点击该按钮，您可以下载 Bootstrap CSS、JavaScript 和字体的预编译的压缩版本。不包含文档和最初的源代码文件。
- Download Source ：下载源代码。点击该按钮，您可以直接从 from 上得到最新的 Bootstrap LESS 和 JavaScript 源代码。
如果您使用的是未编译的源代码，您需要编译 LESS 文件来生成可重用的 CSS 文件。对于编译 LESS 文件，Bootstrap 官方只支持 Recess ，这是 Twitter 的基于 less.js 的 CSS 提示。
为了更好的了解和更方便的使用，我们将在本教程中使用 Bootstrap 的预编译版本。
由于文件是被编译过和压缩过的，在独立的功能开发中，您不必每次都包含这些独立的文件。
本学习笔记，使用的是最新版（Bootstrap 3）。
文件结构
预编译的 Bootstrap
当您下载了 Bootstrap 的已编译的版本，解压缩 ZIP 文件，您将看到下面的文件/目录结构：
如上图所示，可以看到已编译的 CSS 和 JS（bootstrap.*），以及已编译压缩的 CSS 和 JS（bootstrap.min.*）。同时也包含了 Glyphicons 的字体，这是一个可选的 Bootstrap 主题。
Bootstrap 源代码
如果您下载了 Bootstrap 源代码，那么文件结构将如下所示：
- less/ 、 js/ 和 fonts/ 下的文件分别是 Bootstrap CSS、JS 和图标字体的源代码。
- dist/ 文件夹包含了上面预编译下载部分中所列的文件和文件夹。
- docs-assets/ 、 examples/ 和所有的 *.html 文件是 Bootstrap 文档。
HTML 模板
一个使用了 Bootstrap 的基本的 HTML 模板如下所示：
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <title>Bootstrap 模板</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <!-- 引入 Bootstrap --> <link href="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- HTML5 Shim 和 Respond.js 用于让 IE8 支持 HTML5元素和媒体查询 --> <!-- 注意： 如果通过 file:// 引入 Respond.js 文件，则该文件无法起效果 --> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7.0/html5shiv.js"></script> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/respond.js/1.3.0/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> </head> <body> <h1 id="Hello-world">Hello, world!</h1> <!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的 JavaScript 插件需要引入 jQuery) --> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery.js"></script> <!-- 包括所有已编译的插件 --> <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </body></html>
在这里，您可以看到包含了 jquery.js 、 bootstrap.min.js 和 bootstrap.min.css 文件，用于让一个常规的 HTML 文件变为使用了 Bootstrap 的模板。
实例
现在让我们尝试使用Bootstrap输出"Hello, world!"：
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head> <title>在线尝试 Bootstrap 实例</title> <link href="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script></head><body> <h1 id="Hello-world">Hello, world!</h1></body></html>
<!-- 新 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 --><link href="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"><!-- 可选的Bootstrap主题文件（一般不使用） --><script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.0/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"></script><!-- jQuery文件。务必在bootstrap.min.js 之前引入 --><script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script><!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 --><script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
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