Table of Contents
一、Bootstrap简介
二、下载BootStrap
三、引入到HTML
 四、用BootStrap CDN加速点
五、第一个例子_字体图标
CSS 规则解释
用法
自定义大小和颜色
定制字体颜色
Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial BootStrap学习(1)_html/css_WEB-ITnose

BootStrap学习(1)_html/css_WEB-ITnose

Jun 24, 2016 am 11:34 AM

一、Bootstrap简介

BootStrap是由Twitter推出的前端框架,2011 年八月在 GitHub 上发布,BootStrap是基于Html,Css,Javascript的,可用于快速开发web,是现在注流的前端框架。

Bootstrap的优点有:

      1. 移动设备优先:自 Bootstrap 3 起,框架包含了贯穿于整个库的移动设备优先的样式。

      2.浏览器支持:所有的主流浏览器都支持 Bootstrap。

      3.容易上手:因为Bootstrap是基于 HTML 和 CSS 的基础知识,所以学习使用轻松。

      4.响应式设计:Bootstrap 的响应式 CSS 能够自适应于台式机、平板电脑和手机。

二、下载BootStrap

可以从 http://getbootstrap.com/ 上下载 Bootstrap 的最新版本。当您点击这个链接时,将看到如下所示的网页:

您会看到两个按钮:

  • Download Bootstrap:下载 Bootstrap。点击该按钮,您可以下载 Bootstrap CSS、JavaScript 和字体的预编译的压缩版本。不包含文档和最初的源代码文件。
  • Download Source:下载源代码。点击该按钮,您可以直接从 from 上得到最新的 Bootstrap LESS 和 JavaScript 源代码。这个是包含上面的压缩内容再加上源代码
  •     我们下载Download Bootstrap 这个就可以了。

       然后这个的文件结构是

     已经看到里面是一些CSS 和 JS 还有Glyphicons 的字体。

    三、引入到HTML

            1.把下载好的BootStrap文件放到项目中。

           2.一个引用BootStrap的html模板:

         

    <!DOCTYPE html><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>    <title></title>    <link href="../js/bootstrap-3.3.5/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />    <script src="../js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script>    <script src="../js/bootstrap-3.3.5/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script></head><body>    </body></html>
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    在这里,可以看到..包含了 jquery.jsbootstrap.min.jsbootstrap.min.css 文件,用于让一个常规的 HTML 文件变为使用了 Bootstrap 的模板。

    注意: 因为BootStrap 的javascript插件需要引入 jQuery ,所以要另外下载一个Jquery.js,并且要放到bootstrap.min.js的前面。

    四、用BootStrap CDN加速点

    可以不用下载BootStrap,直接使用一些BootStrap加速点,使用CND加速点的好处:是访问速度更快、加速效果更明显、没有速度和带宽限制、永久免费。

    可根据个人喜欢的CDN加速点选用, 这里使用的是百度的静态资源库(http://cdn.code.baidu.com/)上的Bootstrap资源

    HTML模板就可以变成了:

    <!DOCTYPE html><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>    <title></title>    <!-- 新 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->  <link href="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>   <!-- jQuery文件。务必在bootstrap.min.js 之前引入 --><script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script>    <!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 --><script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script></head><body>    </body></html>
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    注意: 使用CDN必须有外网才可以。

    五、第一个例子_字体图标

    上面下载安装BootStrap的时候以经了解过它的目录结构,

    在 dist文件夹内的fonts 文件夹内可以找到字体图标,它包含了下列这些文件:

  • glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot
  • glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg
  • glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf
  • glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff
  • 相关的 CSS 规则写在 dist 文件夹内的 css 文件夹内的 bootstrap.css 和 bootstrap-min.css 文件上。

    Bootstrap 捆绑了 200 多种字体格式的字形 这里有BootStrap的字体图标列表http://www.runoob.com/try/demo_source/bootstrap3-glyph-icons.htm

    CSS 规则解释

    @font-face {  font-family: 'Glyphicons Halflings';  src: url('../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot');  src: url('../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'), url('../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff') format('woff'), url('../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf') format('truetype'), url('../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg#glyphicons_halflingsregular') format('svg');}.glyphicon {  position: relative;  top: 1px;  display: inline-block;  font-family: 'Glyphicons Halflings';  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;  font-style: normal;  font-weight: normal;  line-height: 1;  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;}
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    所以 font-face 规则实际上是在找到 glyphicons 地方声明 font-family 和位置。

    .glyphicon class 声明一个从顶部偏移 1px 的相对位置,呈现为 inline-block,声明字体,规定 font-style 和 font-weight 为 normal,设置行高为 1。除此之外,使用 -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased 和 -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; 获得跨浏览器的一致性。

    用法

    如需使用图标,只需要简单地使用下面的代码即可。

    <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span><br />在一个<span></span>标签中加入.class样式即可。<br />
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    <!DOCTYPE html><html><head>   <title>Bootstrap 实例 - 如何使用字形图标(Glyphicons)</title>   <link href="http://libs.baidu.com/bootstrap/3.0.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">   <script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script>   <script src="http://libs.baidu.com/bootstrap/3.0.3/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script></head><body><p>    <a href="#"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search">搜索</span></a>   <a href="#" >      <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-fast-backward">首页</span>   </a>   <a href="#">      <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-fast-forward">末页</span>   </a>   <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">      <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in">放大</span>   </button>   <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">      <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash">删除</span>   </button></p><button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg">  <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span>用户</button><button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm">  <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span>用户</button><button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs">  <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span> 用户</button></body></html>
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    效果:

    其中用户中的 btn-lg btn-sm btn-xs 是三个控制大小的样式。

    自定义大小和颜色

    通过增加或减少图标的字体尺寸,您可以让图标看起来更大或更小。

    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" style="font-size: 60px">  <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span> 用户</button>
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    定制字体颜色

    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" style="color: color:#f00;">  <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span> 用户</button>
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