借助sass的Maps功能使得响应式代码更有条理_html/css_WEB-ITnose
原文来自这里
本文综合了原文(by Jonathan Suh)以及笔者自己的理解。
Introduction
众所周知,写代码与写维护性高的代码是两回事.而涉及到响应式,代码又特别容易变的杂乱.借助sass maps所提供的拓扑功能,我们可以尝试减轻这一痛点.
以下的代码还是很常见的:
p { font-size: 15px; }@media screen and (min-width: 480px) { p { font-size: 16px; }}@media screen and (min-width: 640px) { p { font-size: 17px; }}@media screen and (min-width: 1024px) { p { font-size: 19px; }}
两个问题点:1.DRY, 2.Magic Number.
也许sass的变量可以解决问题2。
$p-font-size-mobile : 15px;$p-font-size-small : 16px;$p-font-size-medium : 17px;$p-font-size-large : 19px;
但是变量多了之后,代码会变成这样:
$p-font-size-mobile : 15px;$p-font-size-small : 16px;$p-font-size-medium : 17px;$p-font-size-large : 19px;$h1-font-size-mobile: 28px;$h1-font-size-small : 31px;$h1-font-size-medium: 33px;$h1-font-size-large : 36px;..............
超多的变量显得毫无章法。
Sass maps初试
声明如下的sass变量:
$p-font-sizes: ( null : 15px, 480px : 16px, 640px : 17px, 1024px: 19px);
接下来,创建mixin,遍历属性,生成对应的media queries
@mixin font-size($fs-map) { @each $fs-breakpoint, $fs-font-size in $fs-map { @if $fs-breakpoint == null { font-size: $fs-font-size; } @else { @media screen and (min-width: $fs-breakpoint) { font-size: $fs-font-size; } } }}
Sass 还提供了一些其它的语法糖,可以参考这里
这时我们可以在任意的地方引入mixin
p { @include font-size($p-font-sizes);}
结果和文章开头是一样的.
Solving Breakpoint Fragmentation
上面的代码似乎还是有一点脆弱,如果我们希望引入更多的Breakpoint,或着说p tag 与h1 tag 希望引入不同的Breakpoint.事情就会变的很麻烦.考虑到这一点,我们可以将代码进行重构.
$breakpoints: ( small : 480px, medium: 700px, // Previously 640px large : 1024px);$p-font-sizes: ( null : 15px, small : 16px, medium: 17px, large : 19px);$h1-font-sizes: ( null : 28px, small : 31px, medium: 33px, large : 36px);@mixin font-size($fs-map, $fs-breakpoints: $breakpoints) { @each $fs-breakpoint, $fs-font-size in $fs-map { @if $fs-breakpoint == null { font-size: $fs-font-size; } @else { // If $fs-font-size is a key that exists in // $fs-breakpoints, use the value @if map-has-key($fs-breakpoints, $fs-breakpoint) { $fs-breakpoint: map-get($fs-breakpoints, $fs-breakpoint); } @media screen and (min-width: $fs-breakpoint) { font-size: $fs-font-size; } } }}
现在,我们可以随意的添加Breakpoint
$p-font-sizes: ( null : 15px, small : 16px, medium: 17px, 900px : 18px, large : 19px, 1440px: 20px,);p { @include font-size($p-font-sizes);}
Improving Vertical Rhythm With Line Height
来,更进一步,我们可以font-size mixin中增加一个lineheight的配置,(line-height和font-size常常是同时出现的)
$breakpoints: ( small : 480px, medium: 700px, large : 1024px);$p-font-sizes: ( null : (15px, 1.3), small : 16px, medium: (17px, 1.4), 900px : 18px, large : (19px, 1.45), 1440px: 20px,);@mixin font-size($fs-map, $fs-breakpoints: $breakpoints) { @each $fs-breakpoint, $fs-font-size in $fs-map { @if $fs-breakpoint == null { @include make-font-size($fs-font-size); } @else { // If $fs-font-size is a key that exists in // $fs-breakpoints, use the value @if map-has-key($fs-breakpoints, $fs-breakpoint) { $fs-breakpoint: map-get($fs-breakpoints, $fs-breakpoint); } @media screen and (min-width: $fs-breakpoint) { @include make-font-size($fs-font-size); } } }}// Utility function for mixin font-size@mixin make-font-size($fs-font-size) { // If $fs-font-size is a list, include // both font-size and line-height @if type-of($fs-font-size) == "list" { font-size: nth($fs-font-size, 1); @if (length($fs-font-size) > 1) { line-height: nth($fs-font-size, 2); } } @else { font-size: $fs-font-size; }}
nth 是sass提供的语法,nth(list, n)从list中拿第n个数据.
Conclusion
上文所提供的代码还是有很多不健壮的地方,欢迎大家提意见,共同研究.
RESOURCES
一个响应式布局分析可以用到的工具Modular Scale
另外一篇很棒的博文
如果觉得文章不错,欢迎来我的github看看,右上角图标即为传送门。

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