Table of Contents
如何实现背景透明,文字不透明,兼容所有浏览器?
css的rgba
IE专属滤镜 filter:Alpha(opacity=x)
全兼容的方案
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CSS实现背景透明,文字不透明,兼容所有浏览器_html/css_WEB-ITnose

Jun 24, 2016 am 11:35 AM

如何实现背景透明,文字不透明,兼容所有浏览器?

我们平时调整的不透明度如图所示:

实现透明的css方法通常有以下3种方式,以下是不透明度都为80%的写法:

  • css3的opacity:x,x 的取值从 0 到 1,如opacity: 0.8
  • css3的rgba(red, green, blue, alpha),alpha的取值从 0 到 1,如rgba(255,255,255,0.8)
  • IE专属滤镜 filter:Alpha(opacity=x),x 的取值从 0 到 100,如filter:Alpha(opacity=80)
  • css的opacity

    兼容性:IE6、7、8不支持,IE9及以上版本和标准浏览器都支持,如图所示:

     

    使用说明:设置opacity元素的所有后代元素会随着一起具有透明性,一般用于调整图片或者模块的整体不透明度

    <!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><title>背景透明,文字不透明</title><style>*{    padding: 0;    margin: 0;}body{    padding: 50px;    background: red;}.demo{  width:200px;  margin:0 auto;  padding: 25px;  background-color:#000000;  opacity: 0.2;}.demo p{    color: #FFFFFF;}</style></head><body><div class="demo">    <p>背景透明,文字也透明</p></div></body></html>
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    使用opacity后整个模块都透明了,展现如下:

    那么使用opacity实现《背景透明,文字不透明》是不可取的。

    css的rgba

    兼容性:IE6、7、8不支持,IE9及以上版本和标准浏览器都支持

    使用说明:设置颜色的不透明度,一般用于调整background-color、color、box-shadow等的不透明度。

    <!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><title>背景透明,文字不透明</title><style>*{    padding: 0;    margin: 0;}body{    padding: 50px;    background: red;}.demo{  width:200px;  margin:0 auto;  padding: 25px;  background-color:#000000;/* IE6和部分IE7内核的浏览器(如QQ浏览器)下颜色被覆盖 */  background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2); /* IE6和部分IE7内核的浏览器(如QQ浏览器)会读懂,但解析为透明 */}.demo p{    color: #FFFFFF;}</style></head><body><div class="demo">    <p>背景透明,文字不透明</p></div></body></html>
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    在background-color中使用rgba,标准浏览器中,背景透明,文字不透明,展现如下:

    这种写法是可以实现背景透明,文字不透明的,只是IE8及低版本不支持。

    IE专属滤镜 filter:Alpha(opacity=x)

    使用说明:IE浏览器专属,问题多多,本文以设置背景透明为例子,如下:

    1. 仅支持IE6、7、8、9,在IE10版本被废除
    2. 在IE6、7中,需要激活IE的haslayout属性(如:*zoom:1或者*overflow:hidden),让它读懂filter:Alpha
    3. 在IE6、7、8中,设置了filter:Alpha的元素,父元素设置position:static(默认属性),其子元素为相对定位,可让子元素不透明

    <!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><title>背景透明,文字不透明</title><style>*{    padding: 0;    margin: 0;}body{    padding: 50px;    background: red;}.demo{  width:200px;  margin:0 auto;  padding: 25px;  background:#000;  filter:Alpha(opacity=50);/* 只支持IE6、7、8、9 */  position:static; /* IE6、7、8只能设置position:static(默认属性) ,否则会导致子元素继承Alpha值 */  *zoom:1; /* 激活IE6、7的haslayout属性,让它读懂Alpha */}.demo p{    color: #FFFFFF;    position: relative;/* 设置子元素为相对定位,可让子元素不继承Alpha值,保证字体颜色不透明 */}</style></head><body><div class="demo">    <p>背景透明,文字不透明</p></div></body></html>
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    全兼容的方案

    上以上3点分析可知,设置透明背景文字不透明,可采用的属性有rgba和IE的专属滤镜filter:Alpha

    针对IE6、7、8浏览器,我们可以采用fiter:Alpha,针对标准浏览器我们采用rgba,那么问题来了,IE9浏览器2个属性都支持,一起使用会重复降低不透明度...

    那么,如何只对IE6、7、8使用fiter:Alpha如何实现呢,找到只支持IE 6、7、8的方案,如下:

    /* 只支持IE6、7、8 */@media \0screen\,screen\9 {...}
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    所以兼容所以浏览器的代码如下:

    <!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><title>背景透明,文字不透明</title><style>*{    padding: 0;    margin: 0;}body{    padding: 50px;    background: red;}.demo{  padding: 25px;  margin:0 auto;  width:200px;  background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);/* IE9、标准浏览器、IE6和部分IE7内核的浏览器(如QQ浏览器)会读懂 */}.demo p{  color: #FFFFFF;}@media \0screen\,screen\9 {/* 只支持IE6、7、8 */  .demo{    background-color:#000000;    filter:Alpha(opacity=50);    position:static; /* IE6、7、8只能设置position:static(默认属性) ,否则会导致子元素继承Alpha值 */    *zoom:1; /* 激活IE6、7的haslayout属性,让它读懂Alpha */  }  .demo p{    position: relative;/* 设置子元素为相对定位,可让子元素不继承Alpha值 */  }  }</style></head><body><div class="demo">    <p>背景透明,文字不透明</p></div></body></html>
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    有的网友觉得这样做没有必要,我觉得也没有必要,这只是实现背景透明,文字不透明的一种兼容方式而已,还有其他的解决办法。

    比如:两个DIV放在同一个位置就行了,一个透明DIV,一个文字DIV,也能实现,就是需要定位。

    如果要兼容低版本浏览器,我一般还是切透明图片,放在背景里面,这样既不用写这么多样式,也不用需要定位就能解决。(如果背景不是单一的透明颜色,只有切成图片才行)。

     

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