CSS3中:first-child和:first-of-child的区别_html/css_WEB-ITnose
CSS中加入了很多高级的选择器,能让我们方便的查找到元素,然后给查找到的元素设置样式,其中:first-child和:first-of-child看似只相差一个单词,但是却有不同的用法和意义,今天的这篇文章就给大家来说说:first-child和:first-of-child两个选择器的区别。
HTML代码
加入我们有这样的一段HTML代码:
<div> <p>第1个元素</p> <h1 id="第-个元素">第2个元素</h1> <span>第3个元素</span> <span>第4个元素</span></div>
CSS选择器
我们要查找其中的元素,如果使用下面的定义方法
p:first-child 匹配到的是p元素,因为p元素是div的第一个子元素; h1:first-child 匹配不到任何元素,因为在这里h1是div的第二个子元素,而不是第一个; span:first-child 匹配不到任何元素,因为在这里两个span元素都不是div的第一个子元素; :first-child 匹配到的是p元素,因为在这里div的第一个子元素就是p。上面应用的样式,有两个是匹配不到的,但是别慌张,CSS中还定义了:first-of-child伪类,请看他的用法和讲解:
p:first-of-type 匹配到的是p元素,因为p是div的所有为p的子元素中的第一个,事实上这里也只有一个为p的子元素; h1:first-of-type 匹配到的是h1元素,因为h1是div的所有为h1的子元素中的第一个,事实上这里也只有一个为h1的子元素; span:first-of-type 匹配到的是第三个子元素span。这里div有两个为span的子元素,匹配到的是第一个。 :first-of-type 匹配到的是p元素总结
:first-child 匹配的是某父元素的第一个子元素,可以说是结构上的第一个子元素。 :first-of-type 匹配的是该类型的第一个,类型是指什么呢,就是冒号前面匹配到的东西,比如 p:first-of-type,就是指所有p元素中的第一个。这里不再限制是第一个子元素了,只要是该类型元素的第一个就行了,当然这些元素的范围都是 属于同一级的,也就是同辈的。同样类型的选择器 :last-child 和 :last-of-type、:nth-child(n) 和 :nth-of-type(n) 也可以这样去理解。
本文系作者 问说网 授权问说网发表,并经问说网编辑,转载请注明出处和 本文链接。

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