Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial 使用 data-* 属性来嵌入自定义数据_html/css_WEB-ITnose

使用 data-* 属性来嵌入自定义数据_html/css_WEB-ITnose

Jun 24, 2016 am 11:37 AM

1. Html 实例

<ul><li data-animal-type="bird">Owl</li><li data-animal-type="fish">Salmon</li><li data-animal-type="spider">Tarantula</li></ul>
Copy after login

2.浏览器支持
 IE    Firefox   Chrome     Safari          Opera
支持   支持        支持           支持             支持

3.定义和用法
data-* 属性用于存储页面或应用程序的私有自定义数据。
data-* 属性赋予我们在所有 HTML 元素上嵌入自定义 data 属性的能力。
存储的(自定义)数据能够被页面的 JavaScript 中利用,以创建更好的用户体验(不进行 Ajax 调用或服务器端数据库查询)。
data-* 属性包括两部分:
属性名不应该包含任何大写字母,并且在前缀 "data-" 之后必须有至少一个字符
属性值可以是任意字符串
注释:用户代理会完全忽略前缀为 "data-" 的自定义属性。

语法

属性值
值 描述
somevalue 规定属性的值(以字符串)。

HTML adta-*属性

4.外加信息
HTML标签可以添加自定义属性来存储和操作数据。但这样做会导致html语法上不符合Html规范。

HTML5规范里增加了一个自定义data属性,自定义data属性的用法非常的简单,就可以往HTML标签上添加任意以 "data-"开头的属性,这些属性页面上是不显示的,它不会影响到你的页面布局和风格,但它却是可读可写的。

下面的一个代码片段是一个有效的HTML5标记:

11111

可是,怎么来读取这些数据呢?你当然可以遍历页面元素来读取你想要的属性,但jquery已经内置了方法来操作这些属性。使用jQuery的.data()方法来访问这些"data-*" 属性。其中一个方法就是 .data(obj),这个方法是在 jQuery1.4.3版本后出现的,它能返回相应的data属性。 举个例子,你可以用下面的写法读取 data-id属性值--123:
var myid= jQuery("#item").data('id');
你还可以在"data-*" 属性里使用json语法,

你可以通过js直接访问这个数据,通过json的key值,你能得到相应的value:
var gameStatus= jQuery("#item").data('id').game;
你也可以通过.data(key,value)方法直接给"data-*" 属性赋值。一个重要的你要注意的事情是,这些"data-*" 属性应该和它所在的元素有一定的关联,不要把它当成存放任意东西的存储工具。尽管"data-*" 是HTML5才出现的属性,但jquery是通用的,所以,在非HTML5的页面或浏览器里,你仍然可以使用.data(obj)方法来操作"data-*" 数据。

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