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用纯CSS实现的箭头
纯css实现带三角箭头带描边带阴影带圆角的兼容各浏览器de气泡层
Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial css实现带箭头选项卡_html/css_WEB-ITnose

css实现带箭头选项卡_html/css_WEB-ITnose

Jun 24, 2016 am 11:37 AM

这阵子在做一个web端项目中遇到一个问题,需要实现带箭头的选项卡点击可切换。起初没想太多,直接切一个向上的小箭头图片,外层div设置相同颜色的边框,再用相对定位和绝对定位。这种方法是可行的,但是因为手机和电脑的屏幕显示图片的画质细节不同,导致1px的边框比1px的切图实际粗很多,对于有强迫症的人来说心里总是不舒服的……后来我就想,屁大点的箭头直接用css写一个算了。可是以前没写过,那就研究一下吧。网上有很多这方面的资料,但是还是那句话,那都是人家的不是自己的,要想据为己有自己也写篇博客吧。

这种纯css没有兼容性的问题,无需切图,甚至没有用到CSS3,对各种浏览器支持良好。

基本原理:控制盒子模型的宽度高度和边框的显示隐藏,以及改变某一条边的颜色。

从梯形入手:

当元素宽、高和边框的宽相等时,改变某一边的颜色可以看到一个梯形;

<span class="ladder"></span><style type="text/css">.ladder{    border:10px solid transparent;    border-left:10px #f00 solid;    width:10px;    height:10px;    display: inline-block;}</style>
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三角形:

当元素宽、高为零,且其他边为透明颜色时,可以形一个三角形。

向上的三角形:<span class="triangle-up"></span> 向下的三角形:<span class="triangle-down"></span>  向左的三角形:<span class="triangle-left"></span>   向右的三角形:<span class="triangle-right"></span><style type="text/css">.triangle-up{    border: 20px solid transparent;    border-bottom: 20px solid #f00;    width:0;    height:0;}.triangle-down{    border: 20px solid transparent;    border-top: 20px solid #f00;    width:0;    height:0;}.triangle-left{    border:20px solid transparent;    border-right:20px solid #f00;    width:0;    height:0;}.triangle-right{    border:20px solid transparent;    border-left:20px solid #f00;    width:0;    height:0;}</style>
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通过不同颜色的两个元素覆盖可以形成三角线。

<span class="triangle02">        向上的三角线:        <span class="pot01"></span>        <span class="pot02"></span>    </span>    <span class="triangle02">        向下的三角线:        <span class="pot03"></span>        <span class="pot04"></span>    </span>    <span class="triangle02">        向左的三角线:        <span class="pot05"></span>        <span class="pot06"></span>    </span>    <span class="triangle02">        向右的三角线:        <span class="pot07"></span>        <span class="pot08"></span>    </span><style type="text/css">.triangle02{    width:200px;    height:100px;    display: inline-block;    position: relative;}.triangle02 span {    width: 0;    height: 0;    font-size: 0;    overflow: hidden;    position: absolute;}.pot01{    border-width: 20px;    border-style: dashed dashed solid ;    border-color: transparent transparent #f00 ;    left: 100px;    top: 0;}.pot02{    border-width: 20px;    border-style: dashed dashed solid ;    border-color: transparent transparent #fff ;    left: 100px;    top: 2px;}.pot03{    border-width: 20px;    border-style: solid dashed dashed;    border-color: #f00 transparent transparent;    left: 100px;    top: 2px;}.pot04{    border-width: 20px;    border-style: solid dashed dashed;    border-color: #fff transparent transparent;    left: 100px;    top: 0;}.pot05{    border-width: 20px;    border-style: dashed solid dashed dashed;    border-color: transparent #f00 transparent transparent;    left: 100px;    top: 2px;}.pot06{    border-width: 20px;    border-style: dashed solid dashed dashed;    border-color: transparent #fff transparent transparent;    left: 102px;    top: 2px;}.pot07{    border-width: 20px;    border-style: dashed dashed dashed solid;    border-color: transparent transparent transparent #f00;    left: 100px;    top: 2px;}.pot08{    border-width: 20px;    border-style: dashed dashed dashed solid;    border-color: transparent transparent transparent #fff;    left: 98px;    top: 2px;}</style>
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那么带箭头的提示框就简单了,只需要外层加个边框,用相对和绝对定位就可以实现。

<div class="box">    <span class="top01"></span>    css实现箭头对话框</div><style type="text/css">.box {    width: 300px;    padding: 30px 20px;    border: 5px solid #666;    position: relative;    margin:30px auto;}.box span {    width: 0;    height: 0;    font-size: 0;    overflow: hidden;    position: absolute;}.box span.top01 {    border-width: 20px;    border-style: dashed dashed solid ;    border-color: transparent transparent #666;    left: 20px;    bottom: 81px;}</style>
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<div class="box">    <span class="bot"></span>    <span class="top"></span>    css实现气泡对话框</div><style type="text/css">.box {    width: 300px;    padding: 30px 20px;    border: 5px solid #666;    position: relative;    margin:30px auto;}.box span {    width: 0;    height: 0;    font-size: 0;    overflow: hidden;    position: absolute;}.box span.bot {    border-width: 20px;    border-style: dashed dashed solid ;    border-color: transparent transparent #666 ;    left: 100px;    bottom: 85px;}.box span.top {    border-width: 20px;    border-style: dashed dashed solid ;    border-color: transparent transparent #ffffff;    left: 100px;    bottom: 78px;}</style>
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要实现我需求再结合js就行啦。

 

 

在这里,我把学习过程中参考的文章标注一下供大家学习:

用纯CSS实现的箭头

纯css实现带三角箭头带描边带阴影带圆角的兼容各浏览器de气泡层

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