PHP random number C extension random number_php skills
由于要用到固定长度的随机字符串。
首先是一段PHP代码
$str_md5=md5(uniqid()); $rand = mt_rand(1, 28); $str1=substr($str_md5,$rand,6); $rand = mt_rand(1, 28); $str2=substr($str_md5,$rand,6); $rand = mt_rand(1, 28); $str3=substr($str_md5,$rand,6); $code=substr($str1.$str2.$str3,0,8);
生成180000个随机字符串,图中是按照重复数量倒序排列,可以看到基本都有重复的。不过也是比较理想的。
由于想提升一下自己的C语言能力,所以用C重新写了一下随机生成字符串。
其中用到了随机数函数srand(),rand();
不过折腾一两个小时,随机数还是有问题。并发访问时时间可能几乎为同时,那么srand给的种子时间可以视为相同的。这样就导致了,产生的随机数也是一样的。从而产生的随机字符串也是一样的。循环输出随机字符串,几乎都是一模一样的。
后来想到了ukey,这个扩展可以实现唯一的ID,那么访问都产生唯一的ID,是不是可以将这个ID作为种子时间。答案是肯定的。
上图是产生的随机字符串,可以自定义长度。也同样可以输出只有数字的字符串。相较PHP所产生的随机字符串重复率更低且速度更快。
PHP_FUNCTION(get_random__num_str) { int length=8; if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &length) == FAILURE) { length=8; } length++; int flag, i; char* string; __uint64_t timestamp = realtime(); __uint64_t retval; int len; char buf[128]; if (timestamp == 0ULL) { RETURN_FALSE; } spin_lock(lock, pid); if (context->last_timestamp == timestamp) { context->sequence = (context->sequence + 1) & context->sequence_mask; if (context->sequence == 0) { timestamp = skip_next_millis(); } } else { context->sequence = 0; /* Back to zero */ } context->last_timestamp = timestamp; retval = ((timestamp - context->twepoch) << context->timestamp_left_shift) | (context->datacenter_id << context->datacenter_id_shift) | (worker_id << context->worker_id_shift) | context->sequence; spin_unlock(lock, pid); //printf('%ld',retval); srand((unsigned)retval); //srand((unsigned) time(NULL )); if ((string = (char*) emalloc(length)) == NULL ) { //myLog("Malloc failed!flag:14\n"); RETURN_NULL() ; } for (i = 0; i < length - 1; i++) { flag = rand() % 3; switch (flag) { case 0: string[i] = '1' + rand() % 5; break; case 1: string[i] = '2' + rand() % 7; break; case 2: string[i] = '0' + rand() % 10; break; default: string[i] = '9'; break; } } string[length - 1] = '\0'; RETURN_STRINGL(string,length,0); } PHP_FUNCTION(get_random_str) { int length=8; if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &length) == FAILURE) { length=8; } length++; int flag, i; char* string; __uint64_t timestamp = realtime(); __uint64_t retval; int len; char buf[128]; if (timestamp == 0ULL) { RETURN_FALSE; } spin_lock(lock, pid); if (context->last_timestamp == timestamp) { context->sequence = (context->sequence + 1) & context->sequence_mask; if (context->sequence == 0) { timestamp = skip_next_millis(); } } else { context->sequence = 0; /* Back to zero */ } context->last_timestamp = timestamp; retval = ((timestamp - context->twepoch) << context->timestamp_left_shift) | (context->datacenter_id << context->datacenter_id_shift) | (worker_id << context->worker_id_shift) | context->sequence; spin_unlock(lock, pid); //printf('%ld',retval); srand((unsigned)retval); //srand((unsigned) time(NULL )); if ((string = (char*) emalloc(length)) == NULL ) { //myLog("Malloc failed!flag:14\n"); RETURN_NULL() ; } for (i = 0; i < length - 1; i++) { flag = rand() % 3; switch (flag) { case 0: string[i] = 'A' + rand() % 26; break; case 1: string[i] = 'a' + rand() % 26; break; case 2: string[i] = '0' + rand() % 10; break; default: string[i] = 'x'; break; } } string[length - 1] = '\0'; RETURN_STRINGL(string,length,0); }
上图是PHP生成18W随机字符串所用的时间
上图是C扩展生成18W随机字符串所用的时间
所用的服务器都是1G内存 双核的阿里云服务器。
只要在ukey中加入上如代码就可以生产随机字符串和随机长度数字字符串,PHP唯一ID生成扩展ukey。
php.ini的配置项:
[ukey] ukey.datacenter = integer ukey.worker = integer ukey.twepoch = uint64
datacenter配置项是一个整数, 用于设置数据中心;
worker配置项是一个整数, 用于设置数据中心的机器序号;
twepoch配置项是一个64位的整数, 用于设置时间戳基数, 此值越大, 生成的ID越小;
安装:
$ cd ./ukey $ phpize $ ./configure $ make $ sudo make install
Ukey提供3个有用的函数:
ukey_next_id() -- 用于生成唯一ID
ukey_to_timestamp(ID) -- 用于将ID转换成时间戳
ukey_to_machine(ID) -- 用于将ID转换成机器信息
使用实例:
<?php $id = ukey_next_id(); echo $id; $timestamp = ukey_to_timestamp($id); echo date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $timestamp); $info = ukey_to_machine($id) var_dump($info); ?>
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

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