PHP-FPM implements performance optimization_php tips

Introduction:

PHP-FPM is a PHP FastCGI manager. Generally, when running PHP programs on Nginx, the PHP programs will be thrown to PHP-FPM for parsing. Okay, that’s it!

PHP 5.4 has integrated PHP-FPM, which means that when compiling PHP, just --enable-fpm will install PHP-FPM.

1. Install PHP-FPM

shell > ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/ \
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-gd --with-xsl --with-bz2 \
--with-zlib --with-curl --with-pear --without-iconv --with-mcrypt \
--with-gettext --with-openssl --with-libxml-dir --with-png-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-freetype-dir \
--with-libdir=lib64 --enable-ftp --enable-fpm --enable-opcache --enable-exif --enable-soap --enable-bcmath --enable-calendar \
--enable-sockets --enable-mbstring --enable-gd-native-ttf --disable-rpath --disable-debug

## Did you see the bunch of parameters above? This is compiling PHP. One of the parameters is --enable-fpm. Yes, this is to enable the PHP-FPM extension.

shell > make; make install

2. Configure PHP-FPM

shell > cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.17/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/php.ini # 这是 PHP 的配置文件
shell > cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.17/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm # 这是 PHP-FPM 的启动脚本
shell > cd /usr/local/php/etc/
shell > cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf # 复制一份配置文件
shell > vim php-fpm.conf

[global]

pid = run/php-fpm.pid # PID
rlimit_files = 65535 # 打开文件数限制

[www] # 进程池

user = nginx # 以 nginx 身份运行
group = nginx

listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 # 监听本机的 9000 端口

;listen = /dev/shm/php-cgi.sock; # 监听 UNIX SOCKET ，并把 SOCKET 放在了内存空间中，速度更快 ( Nginx 也要相应修改 )！
;listen.backlog = 10240 # UNIX SOCKET 的方式高并发下有点不稳定，该参数用来缓解 ( SOCKET 等待队列长度 )

;listen.owner = nginx # UNIX SOCKET 的权限
;listen.group = nginx
;listen.mode = 0660

pm = dynamic # 创建进程的方式，动态创建
pm.max_children = 32 # 最大进程数 ( 不能只看内存来创建，要看具体使用率，有时内存足够，进程数大多时，导致 CPU 频繁上下文切换，负载会很高 )
pm.start_servers = 5 # 初始进程数
pm.min_spare_servers = 5 # 最小空闲进程数
pm.max_spare_servers = 10 # 最大空闲进程数

pm.status_path = /php_status # PHP-FPM 状态监控 ( Nginx 要设置访问权限 )

shell > service php-fpm start

3. Monitoring PHP-FPM

shell > vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

location ~ /php_status { # 创建一个单独的 server 或直接在 server {} 中加入配置

  access_log off;

  allow 127.0.0.1;
  allow 36.110.41.194; # 做好权限
  deny all;

  fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # 如果是 UNIX SOCKET 的方式，要类似这样写: fastcgi_pass unix:/dev/shm/php-cgi.sock;
  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $fastcgi_script_name;
  include fastcgi_params;
}

shell > kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

shell > curl http://127.0.0.1/php_status # 访问该路径得到如下数据
pool: www               # 进程池名称
process manager: dynamic        # 进程管理方式
start time: 22/Jan/2016:15:49:00 +0800 # 启动时间
start since: 375            # 运行时长
accepted conn: 7            # 当前进程池接受的请求数
listen queue: 0            # 请求等待队列，如果不为 0 ，意味着 FPM 进程不足，需要增加
max listen queue: 0          # 最大等待队列数量
listen queue len: 1024         # SOCKET 等待队列长度
idle processes: 4           # 空闲进程数
active processes: 1          # 活跃的进程数
total processes: 5           # 总进程数
max active processes: 1        # 最大活跃进程数
max children reached: 0        # 达到最大进程数的次数，如果不为 0 ，意味着最大进程数不足，需要增加
slow requests: 0            # 慢请求数量，需要设置 slow log

shell > curl http://127.0.0.1/php_status # 这里有多种参数供选择，例如: http://127.0.0.1/php_status?html 、?json 、?xml 、?full

# I think the ?json format is the best to use python script for monitoring!