DIV CSS compatibility is a common method for solving IE6/IE7/FF browsers. Perfect compatibility (transfer)_html/css_WEB-ITnose
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Release： 2016-06-24 12:28:33
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When designing a website, you should pay attention to the compatibility of CSS styles with different browsers. Especially for websites designed entirely using DIV CSS, you should pay more attention to the compatibility of IE6 IE7 FF with CSS styles, otherwise , your network chaos may cause unwanted effects!
Common to all browsers height: 100px;
Special for IE6 _height: 100px;
Special for IE6 *height: 100px ;
Exclusive for IE7 * height: 100px;
Shared for IE7 and FF height: 100px !important;
1. CSS HACK
1, !important
With IE7’s support for !important, the !important method is now only for IE6’s HACK. (Pay attention to the writing. Remember that the declaration position needs to be in advance.)
The following is the quoted content:
以下为引用的内容：
width: 100px!important; /* IE7 FF */
width: 80px; /* IE6 */ }
2, IE6/IE7 vs. FireFox
The following is the quoted content:
*html and *html are IE-specific tags, which are not supported by firefox. And *html is a IE7-specific tag.
*html #wrapper { width: 80px;} /* ie6 fixed */* html #wrapper { width: 60px; } /* ie7 fixed, pay attention to the order*/} Note:* html HACK for IE7 must be guaranteed There is the following statement at the top of the HTML: 2. Universal float closure For the principle of clear float, please refer to [How To Clear Floats Without Structural Markup]Add the following code to Global CSS to provide the needed Just add class="clearfix" to the closed div, and it works every time.
The following is the quoted content:
3. Other compatibility tips
1. Setting padding on a div under FF will cause the width and height to increase, but IE will not. (can be solved with !important) For example, width:115px !important;width: 120px;padding:5px;
It must be noted that !important; must be in front. 2, centering problem. 1). Vertically center. Set line-height to the same height as the current div, and then pass vertical-align: middle. (Be careful not to wrap the content.) 2). Horizontally centered. margin: 0 auto; (of course not universal) 3, if you need to add styles to the content in the a tag, you need to set display: block; (common in navigation tags) 4, FF and IE The difference in BOX understanding leads to a difference of 2px. There are also problems such as the margin of a div set to float doubling under IE. 5. The ul tag has list-style and padding by default under FF. It is best to declare it in advance to avoid unnecessary trouble. (Common in navigation tags and content lists) 6. Do not set the height of the div as an external wrapper. It is best to add overflow: hidden. to achieve height adaptability. 7. Regarding the hand cursor . cursor: pointer. And hand is only applicable to IE.
What is browser compatibility: When we use different browsers (Firefox IE7 IE6) to visit the same website, or page Sometimes, there will be some incompatibility problems. Some are displayed normally, and some are displayed abnormally. We will be very annoyed when writing CSS. We just fixed the problem of this browser, but another browser has an issue. New question. Compatibility is a method that allows you to independently write styles that support different browsers in a CSS. Now there is harmony. hehe!
The compatibility of the IE7 browser recently released by Microsoft has indeed placed a heavy burden on some web page developers. Although IE7 has become standardized, there are still many differences from FF, so IE7 needs to be used compatible. Anyone with a little bit of logical thinking will know that you can use the compatibility of IE and FF together. Here are three compatibility options, for example: (Suitable for novices, haha, experts will pass by here.)
Program code
The first one is compatible, common to all IE FF browsers (actually not considered compatible) height:100px; The second one is compatible with IE6 only _height:100px; The third one is compatible with IE6 IE7 public *height:100px;
Now that we have introduced these three compatibility, let’s take a look at how to define IE6 IE7 FF specific attributes for each attribute in a style Compatible, look at the code below, the order cannot be wrong:
Program code
height:100px; *height:120px; _height:150px;
Let me briefly explain how each browser understands these three attributes:
Under FF, FF does not recognize the second and third attributes, so it reads height:100px;
Under IE7, IE7 does not recognize the third attribute, so it reads the first and second attributes. And because the second attribute covers the first attribute, IE7 finally reads the second attribute *height. :120px;
Under IE6, IE6 recognizes all three attributes, so all three attributes can be read. And because the third attribute overwrites the first two attributes, IE6 finally reads the third attribute. three attributes.
1 CSS styles for firefox ie6 ie7 Now most of them use !important to hack, and the ie6 and firefox tests can display normally, but ie7 can correct !important Explanation, it will cause the page not to be displayed as required! I found a good hack for IE7 by using “* html”. Now browse it with IE7 and there should be no problem. Now write a CSS like this:
Solution: Add 2 empty div objects above and below the P object. CSS code: .1{height:0px;overflow:hidden;} or add the border attribute to the DIV.
Block IE browser (that is, it will not be displayed in IE) *:lang(zh) select {font:12px !important;} /*FF, OP visible*/ select:empty {font:12px !important;} /*visible in safari*/ Here select is the selector, which can be changed according to the situation. The second sentence is unique to the Safari browser on MAC.
Only recognized by IE7 * html {…} You can use this compatibility when you need to make styles only for IE7.
Identification for IE6 and below * html {…} Pay special attention to this place. Many landlords have written that it is compatible with IE6. In fact, IE5.x can also recognize this compatibility. Other browsers do not recognize it. html/**/ >body select {……} This sentence has the same effect as the previous sentence.
Only IE6 does not recognize it select { display /*IE6 does not recognize it*/:none;} Here mainly separates an attribute and value through CSS comments, which are released before the colon.
Only IE6 and IE5 do not recognize select/**/ { display /*IE6, IE5 does not recognize*/:none;} The difference here from the above sentence is that there is an extra CSS between the selector and the curly braces Note.
Only IE5 does not recognize it select/*IE5 does not recognize it*/ { display:none;} This sentence removes the comment in the attribute area from the previous sentence. Only IE5 does not recognize
Box model solution selct {width:IE5.x width; voice-family:""}""; voice-family:inherit; width:correct width;} The box model's clearing method is not handled via !important. This needs to be clear.
Clear float select:after {content:"."; display:block; height:0; clear:both; visibility:hidden;} In Firefox, when the children are all When floating, the height of the parent cannot completely cover the entire child. Then use this clear floating compatibility to define the parent once, which can solve this problem.
Truncation ellipsis select { -o-text-overflow:ellipsis; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrapoverflow:hidden; } This will automatically change after exceeding the length It is a good technique to cut off the extra text and end it with an ellipsis. It's just that Firefox doesn't support it currently.
Only recognized by Opera @media all and (min-width: 0px){ select {……} } Make separate settings for Opera browser.
The above are some compatibility in writing CSS. It is recommended to follow the correct tag nesting (div ul li nested structure relationship), which can reduce the frequency of you using compatibility, and do not get into misunderstandings. It is not a The page needs a lot of compatibility to maintain multi-browser compatibility). In many cases, the browser may work very well without any compatibility. These are used to solve local compatibility problems. If you want to make the compatibility The content is also separated, so you might as well try some of the filters below. Some of these filters are written in CSS to import special styles through filters, and some are written in HTML to link or import required patch styles through conditions.
Filter for IE5.x, only IE5.x is visible @media tty { i{content:"";/*" "*/}} @import 'ie5win.css' ; /*";} }/* */
IE5/MAC filter, generally not needed /**//*/ @import "ie5mac.css "; /**/
The following is the conditional comment of IE. I personally think that using conditional comments to call the corresponding compatibility is a perfect solution for multi-browser compatibility. Put the parts that need compatibility separately. In a file, when the browser version is consistent, the compatible style can be called. This is not only very convenient to use, but also for making the CSS itself, it can be more strictly observed whether it is necessary to use compatibility. In many cases Next, when I write CSS, if I write all the code including compatibility into a CSS file, it will be very casual. I can make it as compatible as I want. But when you write independently, you will unconsciously consider whether If it is necessary to be compatible, should we first make it compatible with CSS? Or should we first adjust things in the main CSS so that they do not need to be compatible as much as possible? When you can make many browsers very obedient with only a small amount of compatibility, are you very careful? Do you have a sense of accomplishment? Do you know how to choose~~ Haha
IE’s if condition is compatible and you can use it flexibly. Please refer to this IE condition note Only IE All IE can recognize it
Only IE5.0 can recognize Only IE 5.0 IE5.0 can be recognized by IE5.5
Only IE6 can recognize Only IE 7/- Can be recognized by IE6 and IE5.x below IE6 Only IE 7/- Only IE7 can be recognized
If there are many things in CSS that do not follow certain rules, it will make you very upset. Although you can control it through a lot of compatibility and a lot of !important, you will find that you will be unwilling to do so in the long run. Look at many Are you envious of the excellent websites whose CSS makes IE6, Ie7, Firefox, and even Safari and Opera run flawlessly? And their seemingly complex templates use very little compatibility. In fact, you have to know that IE and Firefox are not so disharmonious. We can find a certain method to make them coexist harmoniously. Don't think that if you find a compatible method, you have mastered everything. We are not slaves to compatibility.
The nesting order of div ul li
Only one rule will be discussed today. It is the triangular relationship of
. My experience is that
is on the outside, with
inside, and then
. Of course,
can be nested inside
, but it is not recommended that you nest it. Pack a lot of stuff. When you comply with such rules, those unlucky, disobedient gaps will not appear inside. When you just put
inside
instead of
, you You will find that your gap is very difficult to control. Under normal circumstances, IE6 and IE7 will have more gaps out of thin air. But in many cases, when you go to the next line, the gap disappears, but the previous content is empty. In this case, you can change the Margin of IE, and then adjust the Padding under Firefox so that the two can be displayed. The effect is very similar, but your CSS will become extremely stinky, and you will have to think more about possible remedies for this problem. Although you know that you will be compatible with them all, you will be annoyed to death.
Specific nesting writing method
Follow the above nesting method,
< /div> Then tell ul {Margin:0px;Padding:0px;list-style:none;} in CSS, where list-style:none is to prevent the
tag from displaying directory type tags such as dots or numbers at the front. , because the default effects displayed by IE and Firefox are somewhat different. Therefore, there is no need to do any tricks. There will be almost no difference between the things displayed by your IE6, IE7, and Firefox (outer margin, spacing, height, width). Maybe you will find at a certain moment: two icons if you are careful. There is a difference in quality, but that is already perfect. You don’t need to adjust large CSS to control their display. If you like, you can only be compatible with one or two places, and usually this compatibility can be adapted to various places. Do you need to repeatedly debug different compatibility methods in different places? Reduce your trouble. You can easily sort out the places you want to be compatible with using ul.class1, ul.class2, ul.class3 {xxx:xxxx}, and make them compatible. Give it a try and don’t nest randomly anymore. Although you can nest almost as much as you want with Div CSS, you will be much more relaxed by following the above rules and get twice the result with half the effort!
6. Analysis of CSS compatibility points IE vs FF
CSS compatibility points:
DOCTYPE affects CSS processing
FF: div sets margin-left, margin -right is already centered when it is set to auto, but IE cannot >FF: After setting padding, the div will increase the height and width, but IE will not, so you need to use !important to set an additional height and width
FF: !important is supported, but IE ignores it. You can use !important as FF specifically sets the style
to vertically center the div: vertical-align:middle; increase the line spacing to the same height as the entire DIV, line-height:200px; and then insert text and it will be vertically centered. The disadvantage is that it is necessary to control the content without wrapping
cursor: pointer can display the cursor finger shape in IE FF at the same time, hand can only be used in IE
FF: Add a border and background color to the link, and you need to set the display: block, and set float: left to ensure no line breaks. Referring to the menubar, setting the height of a and menubar is to avoid dislocation of the bottom edge display. If the height is not set, you can insert a space in the menubar. XHTML CSS Compatibility Solution Collection
There are many benefits to using the XHTML+CSS architecture. But there are indeed some problems, whether it is due to unskilled use or unclear thinking, I will first write down some of the problems I encountered below to save everyone from looking around^^
1. In mozilla firefox The inconsistent explanation with the BOX model in IE leads to a difference of 2px. Solution:
div{margin:30px!important;margin:28px;}
Note that the order of these two margins must not be reversed. According to Ajie, the !important attribute cannot be recognized by IE, but other browsers can. So it is actually interpreted like this under IE:
div{maring:30px;margin:28px}
If you repeat the definition, it will be executed according to the last one, so you cannot just write margin:XXpx!important ;
2. The BOX interpretation of IE5 and IE6 is inconsistent. The width of div{width:300px;margin:0 10px 0 10px;}under IE5 will be interpreted as 300px-10px (right padding)-10px (left padding) final div The width is 280px, while on IE6 and other browsers the width is calculated as 300px 10px (right padding) 10px (left padding) = 320px. At this time we can make the following modifications
, about this/**/. I don’t quite understand what it is. I only know that IE5 and firefox support it but IE6 does not. If anyone understands, please let me know, thanks! :)
3. The ul tag has a padding value by default in Mozilla, but in IE only margin has a value, so define it first
ul{margin:0;padding:0;}
can solve most problems.
4. Regarding scripts, the language attribute is not supported in xhtml1.1. You only need to change the code to
< type=”text/java”>
That’s it
7. 10 CSS skills you may not know
1. CSS font attribute abbreviation rules
Generally, this is how to set font attributes with CSS:
The following is the quoted content: font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;font-varient:small-caps;
#box { width: 150px } #box div { border: 5px; padding: 20px }
这样调用：
…
In this way, no matter what browser, the width will be 150 points.
7. Align block elements in the center
If you want to make a fixed-width web page and want the web page to be centered horizontally, it is usually like this:
#content { width: 700px ; margin: 0 auto }
You will use
to surround all elements. This is simple, but not good enough, and versions prior to IE6 will not display this effect. Change the CSS as follows:
body { text-align: center } #content { text-align: left; width: 700px; margin: 0 auto }
This will center the content of the web page. So
text-align: left was added to Content.
8. Use CSS to handle vertical alignment
Vertical alignment can be easily achieved using tables. Just set the table unit vertical-align: middle. But this is useless with CSS. If you want to set a navigation bar to be 2em high and want the navigation text to be vertically centered, setting this attribute is useless.
What is the CSS method? By the way, set the line-height of these words to 2em: line-height: 2em and that's it.
9. Positioning of CSS within a container
One benefit of CSS is that you can position an element arbitrarily, even within a container. For example, for this container:
#container { position: relative }
In this way, all elements in the container will be relatively positioned. You can use it like this:
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