Comprehensive understanding of global variables in PHP

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Comprehensive understanding of global variables in PHP_php examples

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Jul 06, 2016 pm 01:32 PM

php global variables

Several superglobals are predefined in PHP, which means that they are available in the entire scope of a script. You can use it in functions and classes without special instructions.

PHP super global variable list:

•$GLOBALS
•$_SERVER
•$_REQUEST
•$_POST
•$_GET
•$_FILES
•$_ENV
•$_COOKIE
•$_SESSION

In this chapter we will explain several commonly used super global variables, and we will introduce the remaining variables in the next few chapters.

PHP $GLOBAL

$GLOBAL is a super global variable group of PHP, which can be accessed in the entire scope of a PHP script.

$GLOBAL is a global combined array containing all variables. The name of the variable is the key of the array.

The following example shows how to use the super global variable $GLOBAL:

<&#63;php 
$x = 75; 
$y = 25;
 
function addition() 
{ 
$GLOBALS['z'] = $GLOBALS['x'] + $GLOBALS['y']; 
}
 
addition(); 
echo $z; 
&#63;>

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In the above example, z is a super global variable in the $GLOBALS array, which can also be accessed outside the function.

PHP $_SERVER

$_SERVER is an array containing information such as header, path, and script locations. The items in this array are created by the web server. There is no guarantee that every server will offer all items; servers may ignore some, or serve items not listed here.

The following example shows how to use the elements in $_SERVER:

<&#63;php 
echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];
&#63;>

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The following table lists the important elements in all $_SERVER variables:

元素/代码	描述
$_SERVER['PHP_SELF']	当前执行脚本的文件名，与 document root 有关。例如，在地址为 http://example.com/test.php/foo.bar 的脚本中使用 $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] 将得到 /test.php/foo.bar。__FILE__ 常量包含当前(例如包含)文件的完整路径和文件名。从 PHP 4.3.0 版本开始，如果 PHP 以命令行模式运行，这个变量将包含脚本名。之前的版本该变量不可用。
$_SERVER['GATEWAY_INTERFACE']	服务器使用的 CGI 规范的版本；例如，"CGI/1.1"。
$_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR']	当前运行脚本所在的服务器的 IP 地址。
$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']	当前运行脚本所在的服务器的主机名。如果脚本运行于虚拟主机中，该名称是由那个虚拟主机所设置的值决定。(如: www.manongjc.com)
$_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE']	服务器标识字符串，在响应请求时的头信息中给出。 (如：Apache/2.2.24)
$_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']	请求页面时通信协议的名称和版本。例如，"HTTP/1.0"。
$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']	访问页面使用的请求方法；例如，"GET", "HEAD"，"POST"，"PUT"。
$_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME']	请求开始时的时间戳。从 PHP 5.1.0 起可用。 (如：1377687496)
$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']	query string（查询字符串），如果有的话，通过它进行页面访问。
$_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT']	当前请求头中 Accept: 项的内容，如果存在的话。
$_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET']	当前请求头中 Accept-Charset: 项的内容，如果存在的话。例如："iso-8859-1,*,utf-8"。
$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']	当前请求头中 Host: 项的内容，如果存在的话。
$_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']	引导用户代理到当前页的前一页的地址（如果存在）。由 user agent 设置决定。并不是所有的用户代理都会设置该项，有的还提供了修改 HTTP_REFERER 的功能。简言之，该值并不可信。)
$_SERVER['HTTPS']	如果脚本是通过 HTTPS 协议被访问，则被设为一个非空的值。
$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']	浏览当前页面的用户的 IP 地址。
$_SERVER['REMOTE_HOST']	浏览当前页面的用户的主机名。DNS 反向解析不依赖于用户的 REMOTE_ADDR。
$_SERVER['REMOTE_PORT']	用户机器上连接到 Web 服务器所使用的端口号。
$_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']	当前执行脚本的绝对路径。
$_SERVER['SERVER_ADMIN']	该值指明了 Apache 服务器配置文件中的 SERVER_ADMIN 参数。如果脚本运行在一个虚拟主机上，则该值是那个虚拟主机的值。(如：someone@manongjc.com)
$_SERVER['SERVER_PORT']	Web 服务器使用的端口。默认值为 "80"。如果使用 SSL 安全连接，则这个值为用户设置的 HTTP 端口。
$_SERVER['SERVER_SIGNATURE']	包含了服务器版本和虚拟主机名的字符串。
$_SERVER['PATH_TRANSLATED']	当前脚本所在文件系统（非文档根目录）的基本路径。这是在服务器进行虚拟到真实路径的映像后的结果。
$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']	包含当前脚本的路径。这在页面需要指向自己时非常有用。__FILE__ 常量包含当前脚本(例如包含文件)的完整路径和文件名。
$_SERVER['SCRIPT_URI']	URI 用来指定要访问的页面。例如 "/index.html"。

PHP $_REQUEST

PHP $_REQUEST 用于收集HTML表单提交的数据。

以下实例显示了一个输入字段（input）及提交按钮(submit)的表单(form)。当用户通过点击 "Submit" 按钮提交表单数据时, 表单数据将发送至

标签中 action 属性中指定的脚本文件。在这个实例中，我们指定文件来处理表单数据。如果你希望其他的PHP文件来处理该数据，你可以修改该指定的脚本文件名。然后，我们可以使用超级全局变量 $_REQUEST 来收集表单中的 input 字段数据:

<html>
<body>

<form method="post" action="<&#63;php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];&#63;>">
Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
<input type="submit">
</form>

<&#63;php 
$name = $_REQUEST['fname']; 
echo $name; 
&#63;>

</body>
</html>

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PHP $_POST

PHP $_POST 被广泛应用于收集表单数据，在HTML form标签的指定该属性："method="post"。

以下实例显示了一个输入字段（input）及提交按钮(submit)的表单(form)。当用户通过点击 "Submit" 按钮提交表单数据时, 表单数据将发送至标签中 action 属性中指定的脚本文件。在这个实例中，我们指定文件来处理表单数据。如果你希望其他的PHP文件来处理该数据，你可以修改该指定的脚本文件名。然后，我们可以使用超级全局变量 $_POST 来收集表单中的 input 字段数据:

<html>
<body>

<form method="post" action="<&#63;php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];&#63;>">
Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
<input type="submit">
</form>

<&#63;php 
$name = $_POST['fname']; 
echo $name; 
&#63;>

</body>
</html>

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PHP $_GET

PHP $_GET 同样被广泛应用于收集表单数据，在HTML form标签的指定该属性："method="get"。

$_GET 也可以收集URL中发送的数据。

假定我们有一个包含参数的超链接HTML页面：

<html>
<body>

<a href="test_get.php&#63;subject=PHP&web=manongjc.com">Test $GET</a>

</body>
</html>

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当用户点击链接 "Test $GET", 参数 "subject" 和 "web" 将发送至"test_get.php",你可以在 "test_get.php" 文件中使用 $_GET 变量来获取这些数据。

以下实例显示了 "test_get.php" 文件的代码:

<html>
<body>

<&#63;php 
echo "Study " . $_GET['subject'] . " at " . $_GET['web'];
&#63;>

</body>
</html>

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提示： 你如果想学习更多关于 $_POST 和 $_GET 的知识，请访问我们的 PHP 表单章节。

以上就是小编为大家带来的全面了解PHP中的全局变量全部内容了，希望大家多多支持脚本之家~

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