The server executes an automated program

Is there any technology that allows the server to call a program every period of time

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Is there any technology that allows the server to call a program every period of time

It depends on what program and server you have.
Use crontab for minute-level scheduled tasks on Linux servers, but you need to write your own scripts for second-level tasks.
Windows can have scheduled tasks or write some programs (Java, .NET) to do scheduling
To put it bluntly, it is scheduling

Use crontab

PHP has a method that can ignore the user closing the window and run for a long time

<code><?php
while(1) {
    //这里写你的业务逻辑代码.
    //注意!如果用到数据库,每次循环都要显式关闭MySQL连接.
    //同时要注意对可能的连接失败,操作失败进行处理.
    //另外记得用unset释放掉不再使用的变量,避免内存泄漏.
    $str = file_get_contents('http://php.net/images/logo.php');
    unset($str);
    sleep(2); //每隔2秒
}</code>

<code>*/2 * * * *  /path/to/your/php   /path/to/your/php/script >> /tmp/oxox.log</code>

crontab