Detailed explanation of PHP script testing method with examples, detailed explanation of script testing method

A detailed explanation of the PHP script testing method with an example, a detailed explanation of the script testing method

1. Commonly used test examples

We often encounter this situation: some legacy code that has not been tested is rewritten and tested, and even these codes are still written in object-oriented mode. To test code like this, my advice is to break the code into chunks so it's easier to test.

However, these legacy codes are not so easy to refactor. For example, you cannot rewrite the code before testing. This is to avoid affecting the original program, and of course it is not easy to perform unit testing.

In PHP programs, part of the code is usually written in several index.php and script.php files, and these .php files are stored in several different folders. If their entry points are not found, they cannot be accessed directly by the web server.

Test copy

To test a PHP script, we need to simulate an HTTP request and check whether the returned response is equal to the expected value. What needs to be noted here is to simulate a request and define response and request. Not only are the contents different, but their headers are also different.

Also, if we want to test a transaction script that manipulates data, we want to make sure that we don't let it connect to the real database or the rest of the application.

In reality, usually no one will directly rewrite the original PHP script for testing. Because I'm afraid of making the code unrecoverable. I recommend using a copy of the PHP script so we can perform some minor surgery on the PHP code.

How to make minimal modifications to the code: delete include and require statements (if they are not used), and modify the way internal functions are called, for example: write header() as $object->header().

Finally, let’s test this transaction script. After testing, we can extract them from the duplicate script and place them into a new script file.

Specific steps

1. Simulate an HTTP request and redefine the variables $_GET and $_POST, and also modify the header of $_SERVER.

2. Get the request response. The body of the response can be captured through ob_start() and ob_get_clean(). It can collect each buffer (buffer content) output with echo() or with the

Note: Output buffering supports multiple levels of nesting in PHP, so most cases will be captured, even if the script is using the ob_* call itself.

3. The test script should contain the internal methods of the transaction script, so all methods within the scope of this script can be called. For example:
1. The variables required by the script can be defined as local variables and encapsulated, such as $connection as a database connection.
2. It is not the original built-in function of PHP. It should be called with an object. For example: header() is written as $this->header().

Specific code

This is the transaction script object we want to test. Specific to the script, we also need to encapsulate it:

<&#63;php
class ForumPosting
{
  private $headers = array();
 
  public function handleRequest($postRequest)
  {
    $_POST = $postRequest;
    $connection = $this->getAConnection();
    ob_start();
    include 'forum/post_new_copy.php';
    $content = ob_get_clean();
    return array(
      'content' => $content,
      'headers' => $this->headers
    );
  }
 
  private function header($headerLine)
  {
    $this->headers[] = $headerLine;
  }
   
  ...
}

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This is our test code:

 
public function testANewPostIsCreated()
{
  $action = new ForumPosting();
  $response = $action->handleRequest(array(
    'id_thread' => 42,
    'text' => 'Hello, world',
    ...
  ));
  $this->assertEquals('...', $response['content']);
  $this->assertContains('Content-type: text/html', $response['headers']);
}

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The test copy is only temporary! It allows us to write tests that don't change. Finally, we will refactor the PHP scripts that have passed the test to eliminate redundant code.

When our test is completed, the contents of handleRequest() can be replaced with real logic code. If you want to write many such test scripts, you can write a general test object to meet your testing needs.

2. Unit testing toolkit for PHP developers

In the PHP field, there are three main unit testing tools: PHPUNIT, PHPUNIT2 and SimpleTest. Among them, PHPUNIT is very simple in function and not perfect; PHPUNIT2 is a unit testing tool specially written for PHP5, which is in line with Junit in structure and function; and SimpleTest is a set of very practical testing tools, among which webTest supports The testing of web program interface is the most recommended testing tool by Easy. In this article, we choose SimpleTest for introduction.

Related knowledge: PHPUNIT2 is also a very good tool, especially in terms of architecture. There are many things worth highlighting. I hope I will have the opportunity to share it with you in a dedicated article in the future.

SimpleTest: It’s so Simple

Installing SimpleTest is very simple. Download a source code package from sf.net, and then unzip it to the web directory to use it. I won’t go into details here.

Let’s look at an example first: write a test to check whether a website can be accessed.

First we introduce the files to be used:

Code list:

require_once("../simpletest/unit_tester.php");
require_once("../simpletest/web_tester.php");
require_once("../simpletest/reporter.php");

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Then we create a test class:

Code list:

class TestOfSite extends WebTestCase
{
  function TestOfSite()
  {
    $this->WebTestCase("测试");
  }

  function testSite()
  {
    $this->get("http://howgo.net/prettyface/display.php");
    $this->assertTitle(".: facebook :.");
  }
}

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First we extend the webTestCase class so that we can automatically obtain the ability to test the web. Then in the constructor we directly use the base class and just pass the title to it. Then we have to write the test method. The test methods all start with ‘test’ to identify which methods in the class need to be called when we run the test.

而$this->get将取得网页的内容，我们指定它的标题为 ".: facebook :.", 接着我们要做的就是实例化这个类的对象，并运行它。

代码列表：

$test = &new TestOfSite();
$test->run(new HtmlReporter());

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下边是运行结果：

如果测试出错则会出现下边的界面：

到这里一个简单的测试就算完成了。

实战演习 – 一个Login测试

下面我们进入实战，在这个基础上完成一个login的测试。这次我们先贴出完整的代码：

代码列表：

require_once("../simpletest/unit_tester.php");
require_once("../simpletest/web_tester.php");
require_once("../simpletest/reporter.php");

class TestOfLogin extends WebTestCase
{
  function TestOfLogin()
  {
    $this->WebTestCase("Login测试");
  } 

  function testLoginOk()
  {
    // 取得页面
    $this->get("http://howgo.net/prettyface/login.php");

    // 添加测试表项
    $this->setField("name","Easy");
    $this->setField("pass","******");

    // 提交
    $this->clickSubmit("提交");

    // 察看提交后返回页面是否正确
    $this->assertWantedPattern("/成功登录/");

    // 点击页面链接
    $this->clickLink("点击这里进入管理页面");

    // 察看指定页面标题和关键内容
    $this->assertTitle("ADMINCP");
    $this->assertWantedPattern("/请选择要进行的任务/");

    // 退出登陆
    $this->clickLink("退出管理");
    $this->clickLink
  }
}

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