PHP生成随机密码的4种方法及性能对比

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PHP生成随机密码的4种方法及性能对比

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PHP生成随机密码的4种方法及性能对比_PHP教程

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Jul 13, 2016 am 09:54 AM

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PHP生成随机密码的4种方法及性能对比

使用PHP开发应用程序，尤其是网站程序，常常需要生成随机密码，如用户注册生成随机密码，用户重置密码也需要生成一个随机的密码。随机密码也就是一串固定长度的字符串，这里我收集整理了几种生成随机字符串的方法，以供大家参考。

PHP生成随机密码的4种方法及性能对比

方法一：

1、在 33 – 126 中生成一个随机整数，如 35，

2、将 35 转换成对应的ASCII码字符，如 35 对应 #

3、重复以上 1、2 步骤 n 次，连接成 n 位的密码

该算法主要用到了两个函数，mt_rand ( int $min , int $max )函数用于生成随机整数，其中 $min – $max 为 ASCII 码的范围，这里取 33 -126 ，可以根据需要调整范围，如ASCII码表中 97 – 122 位对应 a – z 的英文字母，具体可参考 ASCII码表； chr ( int $ascii )函数用于将对应整数 $ascii 转换成对应的字符。

view sourceprint?

<ol class="dp-c"><li class="alt"><span class="keyword">function create_password(<span class="vars">$pw_length = 8) </li><li>{ </li><li class="alt"> <span class="vars">$randpwd = <span class="string">''; </li><li> <span class="keyword">for (<span class="vars">$i = 0; <span class="vars">$i < <span class="vars">$pw_length; <span class="vars">$i++) </li><li class="alt"> { </li><li> <span class="vars">$randpwd .= <span class="func">chr(mt_rand(33, 126)); </li><li class="alt"> } </li><li> <span class="keyword">return <span class="vars">$randpwd; </li><li class="alt">} </li><li> </li><li class="alt"><span class="comment">// 调用该函数，传递长度参数$pw_length = 6 </li><li>echo create_password(6); </li></ol>

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方法二：

1、预置一个的字符串 $chars ，包括 a – z，A – Z，0 – 9，以及一些特殊字符

2、在 $chars 字符串中随机取一个字符

3、重复第二步 n 次，可得长度为 n 的密码

view sourceprint?

<ol class="dp-c"><li class="alt"><span class="keyword">function generate_password( <span class="vars">$length = 8 ) { </li><li> <span class="comment">// 密码字符集，可任意添加你需要的字符 </li><li class="alt"> $chars = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789!@#$%^&*()-_ []{}<>~`+=,.;:/?|'; </li><li> </li><li class="alt"> $password = ''; </li><li> for ( $i = 0; $i < $length; $i++ ) </li><li class="alt"> { </li><li> // 这里提供两种字符获取方式 </li><li class="alt"> // 第一种是使用 substr 截取$chars中的任意一位字符； </li><li> // 第二种是取字符数组 $chars 的任意元素 </li><li class="alt"> // $password .= substr($chars, mt_rand(0, strlen($chars) - 1), 1); </li><li> $password .= $chars[ mt_rand(0, strlen($chars) - 1) ]; </li><li class="alt"> } </li><li> </li><li class="alt"> return $password; </li><li>} </li></ol>

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方法三：

1、预置一个的字符数组 $chars ，包括 a – z，A – Z，0 – 9，以及一些特殊字符

2、通过array_rand()从数组 $chars 中随机选出 $length 个元素

3、根据已获取的键名数组 $keys，从数组 $chars 取出字符拼接字符串。该方法的缺点是相同的字符不会重复取。

view sourceprint?

<ol class="dp-c"><li class="alt"><span class="keyword">function make_password( <span class="vars">$length = 8 ) </li><li>{ </li><li class="alt"> <span class="comment">// 密码字符集，可任意添加你需要的字符 </li><li> $chars = array('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', </li><li class="alt"> 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l','m', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', </li><li> 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y','z', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', </li><li class="alt"> 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L','M', 'N', 'O', </li><li> 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y','Z', </li><li class="alt"> '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '!', </li><li> '@','#', '$', '%', '^', '&', '*', '(', ')', '-', '_', </li><li class="alt"> '[', ']', '{', '}', '<', '>', '~', '`', '+', '=', ',', </li><li> '.', ';', ':', '/', '?', '|'); </li><li class="alt"> </li><li> // 在 $chars 中随机取 $length 个数组元素键名 </li><li class="alt"> $keys = array_rand($chars, $length); </li><li> </li><li class="alt"> $password = ''; </li><li> for($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) </li><li class="alt"> { </li><li> // 将 $length 个数组元素连接成字符串 </li><li class="alt"> $password .= $chars[$keys[$i]]; </li><li> } </li><li class="alt"> </li><li> return $password; </li><li class="alt">} </li></ol>

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方法四：

本方法是本文被蓝色理想转载后，一名网友提供的一个新方法，算法简单，代码简短，只是因为md5()函数的返回值的缘故，生成的密码只包括字母和数字，不过也算是一个不错的方法。算法思想：

1、time() 获取当前的 Unix 时间戳

2、将第一步获取的时间戳进行 md5() 加密

3、将第二步加密的结果，截取 n 位即得想要的密码

view sourceprint?

<ol class="dp-c"><li class="alt"><span class="keyword">function get_password( <span class="vars">$length = 8 ) </li><li>{ </li><li class="alt"> <span class="vars">$str = <span class="func">substr(md5(time()), 0, 6); </li><li> <span class="keyword">return <span class="vars">$str; </li><li class="alt">} </li></ol>

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时间效率对比

我们使用以下PHP代码，计算上面的 4 个随机密码生成函数生成 6 位密码的运行时间，进而对他们的时间效率进行一个简单的对比。

view sourceprint?

<ol class="dp-c"><li class="alt"><?php </li><li><span class="keyword">function getmicrotime() </li><li class="alt">{ </li><li> list(<span class="vars">$usec, <span class="vars">$sec) = <span class="func">explode(<span class="string">" ",microtime()); </li><li class="alt"> <span class="keyword">return ((float)<span class="vars">$usec + (float)<span class="vars">$sec); </li><li>} </li><li class="alt"> </li><li><span class="comment">// 记录开始时间 </li><li class="alt">$time_start = getmicrotime(); </li><li> </li><li class="alt">// 这里放要执行的PHP代码，如: </li><li>// echo create_password(6); </li><li class="alt"> </li><li>// 记录结束时间 </li><li class="alt">$time_end = getmicrotime(); </li><li>$time = $time_end - $time_start; </li><li class="alt"> </li><li> // 输出运行总时间 </li><li class="alt">echo "执行时间 $time seconds"; </li><li>?> </li></ol>

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最终得出的结果是：

方法一：9.8943710327148E-5 秒

方法二：9.6797943115234E-5 秒

方法三：0.00017499923706055 秒

方法四：3.4093856811523E-5 秒

可以看出方法一和方法二的执行时间都差不多，方法四运行时间最短，而方法三的运行时间稍微长点。

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