PHP variable reference (&), function reference and object reference_PHP tutorial

PHP variable reference (&), function reference and object reference

1. Variable reference

PHP reference pointers of two variables point to the same memory address

$a="ABC";
$b =&$a;
echo $a;//这里输出:ABC
echo $b;//这里输出:ABC
$b="EFG";
echo $a;//这里$a的值变为EFG 所以输出EFG
echo $b;//这里输出EFG

2. Function reference transfer (call by address)

function test(&$a)
{
$a=$a+100;
}
$b=1;
echo $b;//输出1
test($b);   //这里$b传递给函数的其实是$b的变量内容所处的内存地址，通过在函数里改变$a的值　就可以改变$b的值了
echo "<br>";
echo $b;//输出101
?>

3. Function reference return

function &test()
{
static $b=0;//申明一个静态变量
$b=$b+1;
echo $b;
return $b;
}

$a=test();//这条语句会输出　$b的值　为1
$a=5;
$a=test();//这条语句会输出　$b的值　为2

$a=&test();//这条语句会输出　$b的值　为3
$a=5;
$a=test();//这条语句会输出　$b的值　为6

Explanation below:
In this way, $a=test(); actually does not get a reference return from the function. It is no different from an ordinary function call. As for the reason: This is a rule of PHP
When calling a function through $a=&test(), its function is to point the memory address of the $b variable in return $b and the memory address of the $a variable to the same place
That is to say, the effect equivalent to this is produced ($a=&$b;), so changing the value of $a also changes the value of $b, so after executing

4. Object reference (PHP5)

class foo {
  public $bar = 1;
}

$a = new foo;   //$a其实也是一个引用
$b = $a;        //拷贝引用 ($a)=($b)={id1}

$a->bar = 2;
echo "b->bar = $b->bar\n";

$b->bar = 3;
echo "a->bar = $a->bar\n";
//修改了b，但实际上是修改了a和b所引用的同一个对象
//并不会引发 Copy On Write 创建一个新对象b

$a = new foo;   //$a被修改为一个新的引用，$b没有改变
                //($a)={id2} ($b)={id1}
$a->bar = 4;
echo "b->bar = $b->bar\n";

$b = &$a;       //显式地使用引用，b成为“对象的引用”的引用
$a = new foo;   //($a)={id3} ($b)=&($a)=&{id3}
$a->bar = 5;
echo "b->bar = $b->bar\n"
//==output====
b->bar = 2
a->bar = 3
b->bar = 3
b->bar = 5

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