In-depth interpretation of the problem analysis of abstract classes and abstract methods in PHP

In-depth interpretation of the problem analysis of abstract classes and abstract methods in PHP_PHP Tutorial

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Release： 2016-07-13 10:42:19

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In object-oriented (OOP) languages, a class can have one or more subclasses, and each class has at least one public method as an interface for external code to access. Abstract methods are introduced to facilitate inheritance. Now let’s take a look at how abstract classes and abstract methods are defined and their characteristics.

What is an abstract method? The method we define in the class with only the method name and no method body is an abstract method. The so-called no method body means that there is no curly braces and the content in the method when it is declared. Instead, when it is declared directly, a semicolon is added after the method name. , In addition, when declaring an abstract method, add a keyword "abstract" to modify it.

1. Abstract keyword: abstract

Abstract means that it cannot be explained exactly, but it has a certain concept or name. To declare an abstract class or method in PHP, we need to use the abstract keyword.

2. Definition of abstract methods and abstract classes

At least one method in a class is abstract, we call it an abstract class. So if you define an abstract class, first define the abstract method.

Copy code The code is as follows:

abstract class class1{ abstract function fun1();

......
}

1. There is at least one abstract method in the class
2. Abstract methods are not allowed to have { }
3. Abstract
must be added before the abstract method

3. Rules for using abstract classes and methods

Several characteristics of abstract classes:

1. It cannot be instantiated, but can only be inherited

2. In inherited derived classes, all abstract methods must be overloaded before they can be instantiated

The statement about abstract methods is as follows:

Copy code The code is as follows:

abstract function fun1();

What is an abstract class? As long as a method in a class is an abstract method, then the class must be defined as an abstract class. Abstract classes must also be modified with the keyword "abstract". Abstract classes cannot instantiate objects, so abstract methods are used as templates for subclass method overloading, and all methods in the inherited abstract class must be implemented.

Abstract classes and implementation examples of abstract classes are as follows:

Copy code The code is as follows:

abstract class User{ //Define abstract class
abstract protected function getUser(); //Define abstract method
public function print_content(){
print $this->getUser();
}
}
class vipUser extends User{

protected function getUser(){
return "Abstract class and abstract method www.jb51.net";
}
}

$user=new vipUser(); //Instantiate subclass

$user->print_content(); //Abstract class and abstract method
?>

Note: When an abstract class inherits another abstract class (the purpose is to extend the abstract class), it cannot override the abstract method of the parent class.

In PHP5.1, static abstract methods are supported in abstract classes. In the example below, we see that static abstract methods can be declared. When implementing this method, it must be a static method.

Copy code The code is as follows:

abstract class User{
protected static $sal =0;
static abstract function getSal();
static abstract function setSal($sal);
}
class VipUser extends User{
static function getSal(){
return self::$sal;
}
static function setSal($sal){
self::$sal=$sal;
}
}
VipUser::setSal(100 );
echo "you sal is www.jb51.net " . VipUser::getSal();
?>