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PHP four basic algorithms: bubble, selection, insertion and quick sort_PHP tutorial

Jul 13, 2016 pm 05:17 PM
php bubble and Base fast sort insert yes core of program algorithm choose

Many people say that algorithms are the core of programs. The key to whether a program is better than worse is the quality of the algorithm. As a junior PHPer, although I have little exposure to algorithmic things. But I think we still need to master the four basic algorithms of bubble sort, insertion sort, selection sort, and quick sort. Below is my analysis of the four methods according to my own understanding.
Requirements: Use bubble sort, quick sort, selection sort, and insertion sort to sort the values ​​in the array below in ascending order.
$arr(1,43,54,62,21,66,32,78,36,76,39);

1. Bubble sorting method
* Idea analysis: The method is as its name suggests, just like bubbling, the largest number emerges from the array each time.
* For example: 2,4,1 // The first bubble that pops up is 4
*               2,1,4 // The second bubble is 2
*                                                                                                                                                                                                           to be like this in the end

$arr=array(1,43,54,62,21,66,32,78,36,76,39);  
function getpao($arr)
{  
  $len=count($arr);
  //设置一个空数组 用来接收冒出来的泡
  //该层循环控制 需要冒泡的轮数
  for($i=1;$i<$len;$i++)
  { //该层循环用来控制每轮 冒出一个数 需要比较的次数
    for($k=0;$k<$len-$i;$k++)
    {
       if($arr[$k]>$arr[$k+1])
        {
            $tmp=$arr[$k+1];
            $arr[$k+1]=$arr[$k];
            $arr[$k]=$tmp;
        }
    }
  }
  return $arr;
} 
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2. Select sorting method:

Selection sorting method idea: Select a corresponding element each time, and then put it at the specified position

function select_sort($arr) {
//实现思路 双重循环完成,外层控制轮数,当前的最小值。内层 控制的比较次数
    //$i 当前最小值的位置, 需要参与比较的元素
    for($i=0, $len=count($arr); $i<$len-1; $i++) {
        //先假设最小的值的位置
        $p = $i;
        //$j 当前都需要和哪些元素比较,$i 后边的。
        for($j=$i+1; $j<$len; $j++) {
            //$arr[$p] 是 当前已知的最小值
            if($arr[$p] > $arr[$j]) {
     //比较,发现更小的,记录下最小值的位置;并且在下次比较时,
 // 应该采用已知的最小值进行比较。
                $p = $j;
            }
        }
        //已经确定了当前的最小值的位置,保存到$p中。
 //如果发现 最小值的位置与当前假设的位置$i不同,则位置互换即可
        if($p != $i) {
            $tmp = $arr[$p];
            $arr[$p] = $arr[$i];
            $arr[$i] = $tmp;
        }
    }
    //返回最终结果
    return $arr;
}
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3. Insertion sort

Insertion sort method idea: Insert the elements to be sorted into the specified position of the array where the sort number has been assumed.
function insert_sort($arr) {
    //区分 哪部分是已经排序好的
    //哪部分是没有排序的
    //找到其中一个需要排序的元素
    //这个元素 就是从第二个元素开始,到最后一个元素都是这个需要排序的元素
    //利用循环就可以标志出来
    //i循环控制 每次需要插入的元素,一旦需要插入的元素控制好了,
    //间接已经将数组分成了2部分,下标小于当前的(左边的),是排序好的序列
    for($i=1, $len=count($arr); $i<$len; $i++) {
        //获得当前需要比较的元素值。
        $tmp = $arr[$i];
        //内层循环控制 比较 并 插入
        for($j=$i-1;$j>=0;$j--) {
   //$arr[$i];//需要插入的元素; $arr[$j];//需要比较的元素
            if($tmp < $arr[$j]) {
                //发现插入的元素要小,交换位置
                //将后边的元素与前面的元素互换
                $arr[$j+1] = $arr[$j];
                //将前面的数设置为 当前需要交换的数
                $arr[$j] = $tmp;
            } else {
                //如果碰到不需要移动的元素
           //由于是已经排序好是数组,则前面的就不需要再次比较了。
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    //将这个元素 插入到已经排序好的序列内。
    //返回
    return $arr;
}
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4. Quick sort method

function quick_sort($arr) {
    //先判断是否需要继续进行
    $length = count($arr);
    if($length <= 1) {
        return $arr;
    }
    //如果没有返回,说明数组内的元素个数 多余1个,需要排序
    //选择一个标尺
    //选择第一个元素
    $base_num = $arr[0];
    //遍历 除了标尺外的所有元素,按照大小关系放入两个数组内
    //初始化两个数组
    $left_array = array();//小于标尺的
    $right_array = array();//大于标尺的
    for($i=1; $i<$length; $i++) {
        if($base_num > $arr[$i]) {
            //放入左边数组
            $left_array[] = $arr[$i];
        } else {
            //放入右边
            $right_array[] = $arr[$i];
        }
    }
    //再分别对 左边 和 右边的数组进行相同的排序处理方式
    //递归调用这个函数,并记录结果
    $left_array = quick_sort($left_array);
    $right_array = quick_sort($right_array);
    //合并左边 标尺 右边
    return array_merge($left_array, array($base_num), $right_array);
}
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