Choosing a Web Server_PHP Tutorial-PHP Tutorial-php.cn

(Authors: Cao Wenlong, Li Wei) Usually, when building a website, you need to consider the selection of hardware platform, operating system, database, Web server, Web application software, etc. In addition, most web servers are mainly optimized for one operating system, and some can only run on one operating system. Therefore, when choosing a web server, you also need to consider the operating system. For the performance of the Web server, the following aspects should generally be considered. Response capability: that is, the response speed of the Web server to multi-user browsing information. The faster the response speed, the more visits it can support per unit time, and the faster the response speed of user clicks. The previously mentioned multi-threading, multi-process, load balancing and other technologies are all factors that need to be considered. Integration with back-end servers: Web servers connect to back-end databases and application servers, convert information from different sources and formats into a unified format, and then provide Web information to users. For example, the support for XML introduced earlier. Ease of management: That is, whether it is easy to manage the web server. Ease of development: A Web server is both a server for Web applications and often a Web development platform. Its integrated development capabilities, types of supported development languages, and ease of development determine its ability to expand functions. Security: Security needs to be considered from the two aspects of the security of the data flow and the security of the website content mentioned earlier. Combination of the same platform: The platform includes operating system platform and database platform. Generally speaking, operating system and database manufacturers support each other better with their own Web server products. Some even only support their own products. For example, Microsoft's IIS can only be used on Runs on WinowsNT or Windows2000. Protect original investment: Adding Internet access function to the original application is a better and easy-to-implement solution. For example, a company may want to update a customer service system to support access to customer mail encoded in GIF or JPEG format stored on an internal Web server; or add a Web browser to store the company's internal network Access to policy and employee information, which will increase the company's efficiency by increasing the capabilities of existing client/server systems, while also reducing the company's office overhead. The following introduces you to the current main web server products. Microsoft IIS Microsoft's Web server product is Internet Information Server (IIS), which provides ISAPI (Intranet Server API) as a programming interface to extend Web server functions; at the same time, it also provides an Internet Database Connector (IDC) that can implement database query and update. Another product of Microsoft is Microsoft Visual InterDev, which is a rapid development environment for Web applications that provides server and client-side programming tools, database tools and content editing tools, and also provides integrated site management functions. Due to its affinity with the operating system and inheritance of the consistent user interface of Microsoft products, IIS takes advantage of its close integration with Microsoft Proxy Server, Certificate Server, SiteServer, BackOffice and other applications to become a powerful and easy-to-use Web server. . Through optimization around Windows NT, IIS has the characteristics of high execution efficiency, excellent security, easy management, and fast startup. It can be used to integrate existing applications and implement Web application systems. A key to the popularity of IIS was the introduction of ASP, Microsoft's technology for building dynamic web pages. ASP supports a variety of scripting languages, including JavaScript, PerlScript, and VBScript, making it easy to access software components of other servers. All this is achieved based on COM, which is the standard for component collaboration under Windows. Distributed COM, or DCOM, allows programs to use components on the network as if they were local. IIS can also share the asynchronous I/O capabilities of Windows NT. Asynchronous I/O allows a threaded Web server to process file or network I/O while processing access requests. In addition, Windows NT Load Balancing Services makes it easy to establish a server cluster and reasonably distribute the load on each server. It is also a good solution for building large websites. Microsoft IIS is currently one of the most popular web server products, with a market share of about 20%. Many famous websites, such as Intel's Intel.com, are built on the Microsoft IIS platform. IBM WebSphere IBM WebSphere is a set of suites designed specifically for business websites, the most important of which is WebSphere CommerceSuite, which contains tools to create and manage e-commerce Web sites, and also includes server software and software that can install e-commerce sites on the host. Payment software. As an integrated e-commerce software platform, the new WebSphere provides users with more and more practical application value through integration with higher-level tools. First, WebSphere is completely built on industry standards and provides industry-popular resource configurations. Secondly, WebSphere's personalized development functions have been continuously strengthened, improving the market competitiveness of customer applications.The filtering technology provided by Web Content Management and WebSphere Application Sever greatly enriches users' personalized application development. Third, the WebSphere software platform effectively expands the space for wireless applications. The Web dynamic translation interface in WebSphere Everyplace Suite provides support for new wireless devices with flexible code conversion technology, while WebSphere Transcoding Publisher ensures code transmission between the Internet and wireless devices, allowing users to realize Web browsing through handheld devices. Browse function. Fourth, the WebSphere software platform provides users with better service functions. Users can not only monitor all transaction links, but also create consistent and traceable processes. Every step in the transaction process can be reflected in the background database. Fifth, the WebSphere software platform also achieves seamless and real-time connections between the new e-commerce system and the company's existing system, reducing the level of the company's inventory catalog and reducing the company's operating costs. In addition, WebSphere also provides voice services from desktop systems, telephones, and the Internet to call centers and Web servers. IBM WebSphere Voice Server enables enterprises to extend voice applications to mobile communications networks using the VoiceXML language. From the following examples, we can discover the benefits that WebSphere brings to users: PharmaCare is the fastest growing pharmaceutical management consulting company in the United States. It uses IBM's Host Publisher and WebSphere Application Server. PharmaCare built an IBM-based system in just three months. DB2 universal database for e-commerce websites. After the website was built, PharmaCare saved US$130,000 in operating costs every year, and the return on investment reached 100%; there are many such customers, such as the world-famous book retail group Ingram Micro, South Korea's Samsung Electronics etc. Netscape IPlanet WebServer/ Netscape Application Server In order to improve performance, Netscape introduced the application programming interface NSAPI (Netscape Server API) in its Web server. Using NSAPI, developers can extend the functionality of the server to include access to external databases. NSAPI supports Windows NT, Solaris, HP/UX and other platforms. IPlanet WebServer (Netscape Enterprise Server) is known for running on many different platforms. Its main functions include: SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) with client authorization, Verity's integrated searcher, SNMP, excellent database connection functions and Web website content management, etc. Another key to Netscape Server as a reliable Web application service is Netscape Application Server (NAS). NAS is a programming environment that supports Java and C++ objects, making applications highly scalable and fault-tolerant. NAS contains tools that allow users to build multi-threaded applications and integrate HTML, database queries, and business logic implemented on NAServer. IPlanet WebServer on Windows NT is also a large-scale Web server with extensive third-party component and tool support, and supports multiple programming models. For example, in addition to supporting traditional HTML and CGI, Netscape also supports server-side JavaScript and IIOP (Internet Inter Orb Protocol, a protocol used to communicate with third-party CORBA software). Netscape also provides excellent user and security management. Netscape Directory Server provides a structured LDAP directory service. With the help of LDAP directory service, users and resources can be managed more effectively and flexibly. The market share of IPlanet WebServer is about 6%, and its customers include the famous CNN.com (US election website) Bital.com.mx, etc. Oracle WebServer Oracle WebServer is not just a Web server product. Through its high-efficiency, multi-threaded scalable architecture, Oracle WebServer can be effectively combined with the Oracle database and provide a corresponding development environment, so it is also a tool for developing Web database applications. Oracle WebServer supports multiple platforms and can be used in conjunction with Oracle database products to obtain the best performance. It has good scalability and portability, good security, and provides a variety of security mechanisms, such as firewall functions, account management, etc. Oracle's e-commerce platform is built on NCA (Network Computer Architecture), which consists of many business-oriented application components (Cartridges). Oracle and its partners provide key components of this platform, including: Oracles Universal Application Server, Oracles Web Application Server, Oracles Internet Commerce Server, Oracles Payment Server, Oracles Security Server, Oracles InterOffice, CyberCash CashRegister Cartridge, VeriFone vPOS Cartridge, Taxware Worldtax system. Among them, Oracle Web Applicatin Server is a scalable Web server used on the Internet. It contains the next version of WRB (Web Request Broker) and will provide fast, effective, reliable and secure transaction processing and content for e-commerce. manage. The core of Oracle Web Application Server is WRB-Web Request Broker. This mechanism can schedule various components at high speed and balance the load of each component. Its WRB API (application programming interface) provides an application environment. These APIs are superior to the low-level first-generation HTTP API. Through the WRB API, application developers can create customized application components with programming languages such as Java, PL/SQL, LiveHTML (SSL), and C/C++.All server components can run as independent processes, ensuring that if an error occurs in any third-party component, it will not affect the work of other parts of the business. Therefore, the reliability of this server is unmatched for all users. In practical applications, Oracle WebServer is combined with other platform products of Oracle mentioned above to form a complete e-commerce platform. Successful cases of third-party solutions built on the Oracle e-commerce platform include: Lucent Technologies (www.lucentdirect.com), Webshop (www.webshop.com.au), Wehkamp (www.wehkamp.nl), Stocksmart ( www.storcksmart.com) etc. Apache Apache originated from the NCSAhttpd server. After many modifications, it has become one of the most popular web server software in the world. Apache is taken from the pronunciation of "a patchy server", which means a server full of patches. Because it is free software, people are constantly developing new functions and features for it, and modifying the original defects. Apache is characterized by simplicity, fast speed, stable performance, and can be used as a proxy server. Originally it only used