引入PHP包含文件重用PHP程序代码_PHP教程
当页面中再三重复用到同样的内容时,用include()函数包含文件,这个方法可以简化编码工作。例如,关联相同的数据库;在页面的页眉或页脚显示相同的HTML。类似的应用不胜枚举。那么如何来应用呢?
现在来看一下,在“example.inc”文件中,如果加入如下的代码: 就和把它们全部直接写到前面的代码中一样。唯一要注意的是必须把PHP分隔符(上述代码的首行和末行)也加入被包含的文件中,否则这些代码仅仅在那里显示而不被执行。实际上可以指定任何包含文件的名字,用.inc文件名是为了来把它们和其他PHP脚本中分隔开。也可以用下面方法实现, 这和上面的include()函数包含有什么区别呢?如果用require()函数包含的文件不存在,那么当运行脚本时程序就停止运行并给出错误信息。如果是用include包含的话,则显示一条警告,仍继续执行脚本。在我们下面的例子中,就是一个可能出现错误例子。用include()函数包含时候出现如下错误提示: Warning: Failed opening hello.inc for inclusion (include_path=) in /tutorial/9.php on line 6 如果用require()函数包含文件,可能出现以下错误信息: Fatal error: Failed opening required hello.inc (include_path=) in /tutorial/9.php on line 6 看到里边的细微差别了吗?用require包含文件的话,给出了一个“严重错误;而用include()函数包含文件只给出一个“警告”。 用包含文件唯一的问题是是否在包含文件中保存了密码。既然当连接数据库时,PostgreSQL 不用密码(至少本例中不用),那这个问题就不重要了。在以后的例子中,我们会用一个文件来包含所有信息。 [补充--by Boban] 1). 两者的区别是,require()函数包含进来的内容是作为整个文档的一个组成,而include()函数则不是。在一个正确的PHP程序中,使用require()函数的时候,如果包含进来的文件语法或者其他错误,则整个文档的PHP脚本都不再运行;如果使用include()函数包含的时候,程序只在有语法错误的地方提示错误,而PHP脚本的其他正确的部分继续运行。 2). include()函数可以使用在条件语句、循环控制语句中,例如if(1==1),来判断是否需要包含该文件,而require()函数将忽略这些条件,不管3721统统包含进来。 3). 如果包含文件中定义了变量、函数、类等,最好使用include()函数,并且做一个宏定义,例如if(!define("_EXAMPLE_INC")) define("_EXAMPLE_INC",1);语句防止重复包含而导致错误。
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