Display formatted user input in PHP_PHP Tutorial
我们将讨论没有经过过滤的输出的危险,给出一个安全的显示格式化输出的方法。 没有过滤输出的危险 This is my comment. <script language="javascript: alert(Do something bad here!)">. 这是一个好的解决方案,如果你的用户只关注没有格式的文本内容。但是,如果你给出一些可以格式化的能力,它将更好一些。 Formatting with Custom Markup Tags 用户自己的标记作格式化 你可以提供特殊的标记给用户使用,例如,你可以允许使用[b]...[/b]加重显示,[i]...[/i]斜体显示,这样做简单的查找替换操作就可以了: $output = str_replace("[b]", "<b>", $output); $output = str_replace("[i]", "<i>", $output); 再作的好一点,我们可以允许用户键入一些链接。例如,用户将允许输入[link="url"]...[/link],我们将转换为<a href="">...</a>语句 这时,我们不能使用一个简单的查找替换,应该使用正则表达式进行替换: $output = ereg_replace([link="([[:graph:]]+)"], <a href="1">, $output); ereg_replace()的执行就是: 查找出现[link="..."]的字符串,使用<a href="..."> 替换它 [[:graph:]]的含义是任何非空字符,有关正则表达式请看相关的文章。 在outputlib.php的format_output()函数提供这些标记的转换,总体上的原则是:中国网管联盟bitsCN.com 调用htmlspecialchars()将HTML标记转换成特殊编码,将不该显示的HTML标记过滤掉,然后,将一系列我们自定义的标记转换相应的HTML标记。 请参看下面的源代码: <?php /**************************************************************************** 一些注意的地方: 记住替换自定义标记生成HTML标记字符串是在调用htmlspecialchars()函数之后,而不是在这个调用之前,否则你的艰苦的工作在调用htmlspecialchars()后将付之东流。网管bitscn_com 在经过转换之后,查找HTML代码将是替换过的,如双引号"将成为" nl2br()函数将回车换行符转换为<br>标记,也要在htmlspecialchars()之后。 当转换[links=""] 到 <a href="">, 你必须确认提交者不会插入javascript脚本,一个简单的方法去更改[link="javascript 到 [link=" javascript, 这种方式将不替换,只是将原本的代码显示出来。 outputlib.php 在浏览器中调用test.php,可以看到format_output() 的使用情况 正常的HTML标记不能被使用,用下列的特殊标记替换它: - this is [b]bold[/b] [p]Paragraph These are just a few tags, of course, you can add more tags according to your needs. Network Management Alliance bitsCN@com Conclusion Conclusion This discussion provides methods for safely displaying user input, which can be used in the following programs Message Board
如果你仅仅获得用户的输入然后显示它,你可能会破坏你的输出页面,如一些人能恶意地在他们提交的输入框中嵌入javascript脚本:
这样,即使用户不是恶意的,也会破坏你的一些HTML的语句,如一个表格突然中断,或是页面显示不完整。
只显示无格式的文本
这是一个最简单的解决方案,你只是将用户提交的信息显示为无格式的文本。使用htmlspecialchars()函数,将转化全部的字符为HTML的编码。
如<b>将转变为,这可以保证不会有意想不到的HTML标记在不适当的时候输出。
function format_output($output) {
* Takes a raw string ($output) and formats it for output using a special
* stripped down markup that is similar to HTML
****************************************************************************/
$output = htmlspecialchars(stripslashes($output));
/* new paragraph */
$output = str_replace([p], <p>, $output);
/* bold */
$output = str_replace([b], <b>, $output);
$output = str_replace([/b], </b>, $output);
/* italics */
$output = str_replace([i], <i>, $output);
$output = str_replace([/i], </i>, $output);网管bitscn_com
/* preformatted */
$output = str_replace([pre], <pre>, $output);
$output = str_replace([/pre], </pre>, $output);
/* indented blocks (blockquote) */
$output = str_replace([indent], <blockquote>, $output);
$output = str_replace([/indent], </blockquote>, $output);
/* anchors */
$output = ereg_replace([anchor="([[:graph:]]+)"], <a name="1"></a>, $output);
/* links, note we try to prevent javascript in links */
$output = str_replace([link="javascript, [link=" javascript, $output);
$output = ereg_replace([link="([[:graph:]]+)"], <a href="1">, $output);
$output = str_replace([/link], </a>, $output);
return nl2br($output);
}
?>
- this is [i]italics[/i]
- this is [link="http://www.phpbuilder.com"]a link[/link]
- this is [anchor="test"]an anchor, and a [link="#test"]link[/link] to the anchor
[pre]Pre-formatted[/pre]
[indent]Interleaved text[/indent]
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