Application of double colon in php_PHP tutorial
php类代码中常看到"::"的操作符,这个是作用域限定操作符,是用一个双冒号"::"表示,它用来置顶类中不同作用域的级别。左边是作用域右边是访问作用域的成员。
在php中定义的作用域有self和parent两种(在php6中提供了static作用域)。
self:表示当前类的作用域,与this不同的是它不表示类的某个特定实例,在类之外的代码中不能使用self,而且它不能识别自己在继承中层次的位置。也就是说,当在扩展类中使用self时,它调用的不是父类的方法,而是扩展类的重载的方法。
parent:表示当前类父类的作用域,其余的跟self特性一样。
举例说明php双冒号::操作符:
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class forasp{
static $url="http://blog.csdn.net/abandonship";
static $webname = "PHP学习之双冒号的用法";
public function writeurl(){
echo self::$url;//调用自己的内容
}
public function writewebname(){
echo "测试子类调用父类内容";
}
}
class cn extends forasp{
function father(){
parent::wirtewebname();
}
}
$a = new forasp();//实例化父类
$a->writeurl();//调用自身内容
$b = new cn();
$b->writewebname();//调用父类内容
?>
class forasp{
static $url="http://blog.csdn.net/abandonship";
static $webname = "PHP学习之双冒号的用法";
public function writeurl(){
echo self::$url;//调用自己的内容
}
public function writewebname(){
echo "测试子类调用父类内容";
}
}
class cn extends forasp{
function father(){
parent::wirtewebname();
}
}
$a = new forasp();//实例化父类
$a->writeurl();//调用自身内容
$b = new cn();
$b->writewebname();//调用父类内容
?>
在调用静态方法中也可以使用::来调用类中的静态方法或者属性,这样可以减少资源使用,因为每个类的实例都会占有一部分资源。
php6中提出static::作用域,是我们不再需要self::和parent::。希望指向最终的实现功能的类时,就用static::,这个限定符会在代码执行前立即计算出继承层中最后那个类的成员,这一过程叫做延迟绑定。
“双冒号操作符”也或称为“作用域限定操作符”(Scope Resolution Operator)可以访问静态、const和类中重写的属性与方法。
在类定义外使用的话,使用类名调用。在PHP 5.3.0,可以使用变量代替类名。
Program List:用变量在类定义外部访问
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class Fruit {
const CONST_VALUE = Fruit Color;
}
$classname = Fruit;
echo $classname::CONST_VALUE; // As of PHP 5.3.0
echo Fruit::CONST_VALUE;
?>
class Fruit {
const CONST_VALUE = Fruit Color;
}
$classname = Fruit;
echo $classname::CONST_VALUE; // As of PHP 5.3.0
echo Fruit::CONST_VALUE;
?>
Program List:在类定义外部使用双冒号(::)
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class Fruit {
const CONST_VALUE = Fruit Color;
}
class Apple extends Fruit
{
public static $color = Red;
public static function doubleColon() {
echo parent::CONST_VALUE . "
";
echo self::$color . "
";
}
}
Apple::doubleColon();
?>
class Fruit {
const CONST_VALUE = Fruit Color;
}
class Apple extends Fruit
{
public static $color = Red;
public static function doubleColon() {
echo parent::CONST_VALUE . "
";
echo self::$color . "
";
}
}
Apple::doubleColon();
?>
程序运行结果:
Fruit Color Red
Program List:调用parent方法
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class Fruit
{
protected function showColor() {
echo "Fruit::showColor()
";
}
}
class Apple extends Fruit
{
// Override parents definition
public function showColor()
{
// But still call the parent function
parent::showColor();
echo "Apple::showColor()
";
}
}
$apple = new Apple();
$apple->showColor();
?>
class Fruit
{
protected function showColor() {
echo "Fruit::showColor()
";
}
}
class Apple extends Fruit
{
// Override parents definition
public function showColor()
{
// But still call the parent function
parent::showColor();
echo "Apple::showColor()
";
}
}
$apple = new Apple();
$apple->showColor();
?>
程序运行结果:
Fruit::showColor()
Apple::showColor()
Program List:使用作用域限定符
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class Apple
{
public function showColor()
{
return $this->color;
}
}
class Banana
{
public $color;
public function __construct()
{
$this->color = "Banana is yellow";
}
public function GetColor()
{
return Apple::showColor();
}
}
$banana = new Banana;
echo $banana->GetColor();
?>
class Apple
{
public function showColor()
{
return $this->color;
&

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